Platelet-Activating Factor Synthesis and Its Role in Salivary Glands

Dohi, Toshihiro; Itadani, Kazunori; Yamaki, Hirofumi; Akagawa, Yasumasa; Morita, Kenichi; Kitayama, Shigeo

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0179-8_8

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“…These PAF-induced effects were detected with as little as 10-100 pM PAF, were maximal at 5 nM PAF, and appeared to be specific since deacetylated lyso-PC was without effect. Confirmation of these observations was provided in a subsequent preliminary report (Dohi et al, 1996) which also indicated that mRNA for the PAF receptor is present in the salivary glands of guinea pigs but not in those of dogs. Thus, there appear to be species-dependent differences in the PAF responsiveness of salivary gland tissue.…”

Section: (I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…More recent studies have confirmed and extended these observations, i.e., dispersed, stimulated cells from isolated canine salivary glands produce PAF (Dohi et al, 1991(Dohi et al, , 1996(Dohi et al, , 1997. Both acetylcholine and ionomycin initiate PAF production in cells from parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands; norepinephrine and phenylephrine stimulate PAF production in submandibular glands.…”

Section: (I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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PAF, a Putative Mediator of Oral Inflammation

McManus

Pinckard

2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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PAF, or platelet-activating factor, is a family of structurally related phospholipids (1 -O-alkyl/acyl/alkenyl-2-acetylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) which possesses a wide spectrum of potent pro-inflammatory actions. These phospholipids are synthesized by a diverse array of cells, including neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), platelets, mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and lymphocytes. PAF targets these and other cells via specific, G-proteincoupled receptors to initiate intracrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine cell activation. Of importance, these unique acetylated phospholipids are frequently synthesized in concert with pro-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. Since PAF synergizes with these and other mediators to amplify the inflammatory response, it seems likely that PAF plays an integral, perhaps pivotal, role in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. PAF is present in the mixed saliva of dentate, but not edentulous, human subjects. The levels of PAF in mixed saliva or in gingival crevicular fluid and tissues are significantly increased during oral inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and mucositis. Interestingly, the levels of salivary PAF correlate with the extent/severity of these oral diseases. These observations suggest that PAF may participate in pathophysiologic events during the course of oral inflammation. The availability of specific PAF receptor antagonists and human recombinant PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), a plasma enzyme which rapidly destroys PAF, should provide clinical tools for the investigation of the role of PAF in these and other inflammatory disorders; and perhaps, ultimately, some of these reagents may prove to be therapeutically useful in the treatment and management of these conditions.

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Section: (I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: (I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%