Platelet activation is increased in peripheral arterial disease

Cassar, Kevin; Bachoo, Paul; Ford, I; Greaves, Michael; Brittenden, Julie

doi:10.1016/s0741-5214(03)00129-0

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore activated leukocytes release thromboxane A2, which in addition to be a vasoconstrictor, promotes platelet aggregation [27], so inducing the phenomenon of platelet plugging. To this phenomenon in claudicants may also participate overexpression of P-selectin [28,29] which mediates platelet-endothelium interaction [30]. Consistent with the observation by Neumann et al [26], our group observed that in the claudicant limb, but not in the healthy legs of the control group, maximal exercise increased the transfemoral venous-arterial difference of the neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPOx) content [31], an index of neutrophil activation and a well established marker of inflammation [32].…”

Section: Effect Of Ischemia On Endotheliumsupporting

confidence: 86%

Impairment of microcirculation and energy metabolism in intermittent claudication: beneficial effects of exercise training

Laurenzano¹,

Spadera²,

Laurentis³

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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Impairment of microcirculation and energy metabolism in intermittent claudication: beneficial effects of exercise training. E. Laurenzano, L. Spadera, M. De Laurentis, G. Brevetti.Although in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) the primary determinant of inadequate blood supply to the affected limb during exercise is a flow-limiting lesion of a conduit artery, there is a large body of evidence that impairment of microcirculation and skeletal muscle energy metabolism play a relevant role in the reduced working ability of affected individuals. This review was conceived to cast some light on this topic, paying special attention to the functional benefits of exercise training (ET) in the treatment of claudicant patients.In PAD, the ischemia induced by maximal exercise increases oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Perturbation of the endothelial homeostasis results in increased adhesiveness of leukocytes and platelets, and in reduced vasodilator capability. These events, expression of the interplay between inflammation and endothelium, provoke an obstacle in the microcirculation with a reduction in the nutritive blood flow, leading to acidosis and impaired energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, with consequent reduced exercise tolerance.ET counteracts these effects by improving walking ability and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication, thus representing the gold standard in the treatment of PAD.

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Section: Effect Of Ischemia On Endotheliumsupporting

confidence: 86%

Impairment of microcirculation and energy metabolism in intermittent claudication: beneficial effects of exercise training

Laurenzano¹,

Spadera²,

Laurentis³

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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“…Preserving ambulation in PAD patients leads to favorable effects on prognostic factors for lethal coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, 20 just as the existence of PAD suggests ongoing thrombogenesis in other tissues. 21,22 Therefore, alleviating PAD not only diminishes the risk of limb loss, but may also reduce patient mortality from atherothrombosis in other vascular beds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Tissue Engineered Human Smooth Muscle Cell Sheets

Hobo

Shimizu

Sekine

et al. 2008

ATVB

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Objective-Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) can have severe consequences on patient mortality and morbidity. In contrast to approaches using growth factor administration or isolated cell transplantation, we attempted to develop an alternative method for ischemic therapy using the transplantation of tissue engineered cell sheets with angiogenic potential. Methods and Results-Human smooth muscle cell (SMC) and fibroblast cell (FbC) sheets were harvested from temperature-responsive culture dishes and transplanted into ischemic hind limbs of athymic rats. ELISA showed significantly increased in vitro secretion of angiogenic factors by SMCs in comparison to FbCs. Twenty-one days after transplantation, laser doppler analysis demonstrated significantly increased blood perfusion in the SMC group. Perfusion with Indian ink and immunohistochemistry also revealed significantly greater numbers of functional capillaries in the SMC group. Finally, cell tracing experiments revealed that some SMCs from the transplanted cell sheets migrated into the ischemic tissues, contributing to newly formed vessels. Conclusions-SMC sheet transplantation allows for controlled and localized delivery of cells that possess angiogenic potential directly to ischemic tissues. Through the secretion of angiogenic factors, as well as cell migration and integration with newly formed vessels, SMC sheet transplantation provides an effective method for the revascularization of ischemic tissues. Key Words: smooth muscle cell Ⅲ cell sheet Ⅲ angiogenesis P eripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the result of obstructed blood flow in the arteries outside of the brain and heart, and in severe cases presents a risk of limb loss. Atherosclerosis is the major pathogenesis of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), 1 and patients with PAD have significant overlap with those having coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. 2 Similarly, patients with established atherothrombosis also generally have polyvascular disease throughout the body. 3 Although the cause of death in patients with PAD is not usually attributable to chronic obstructive disease in the peripheral vessels itself, the long-term survival in these patients is greatly reduced because of complications from atherosclerosis. Because of increasing occlusion in other vascular regions, PAD is therefore nevertheless a major cause of morbidity and can lead to a high mortality rate.Therapeutic options for PAD are diverse and variably effective, beginning with lifestyle changes such as weight loss, regular exercise, or cessation of smoking. Pharmacological measures such as antiplatelet medications and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are also mildly effective and generally reserved for minimal disease. 4 For more severe PAD, bypass grafting has become the established method for revascularization to prevent limb loss. However, patency rates as well as a major risk of complications have limited effectiveness, leading to alternative approaches of percutaneous catheterbased interventions. Whereas balloo...

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“…The common 1565T→C polymorphism in exon 2 of the GPIIIa gene is associated with increased platelet aggregability and myocardial infarction (Weiss et al 1996). This Leu33Pro amino acid substitution (PI A2 or HPA-1b) results in a conformational change in the amino-terminal disulfide loop involved in fibrinogen binding (Honda et al 1995) and highlights the important role of increased platelet activation in the development of vascular disease (Cassar et al 2003;Cherian et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a Mediterranean Diet with and without Red Wine on the Haemostatic and Inflammatory Parameters of Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome

Mansvelt

Fourie

Blackhurst

et al. 2016

SAJEV

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This 8 week study examined whether a Mediterranean diet supplemented with red wine, had an acute impact on subjects diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome. Twelve non-smoking subjects with diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome on minimal medication, consumed a Mediterranean-like diet for 4 weeks respectively without and with red wine. The amount of red wine consumed was 250 ml (26 grams of alcohol) per day for male and 180 ml (19 grams) per day for female participants. A nutrigenetic profile for cardiovascular risk factors was performed on each participant. Fasting blood specimens were taken at baseline, after the diet and after the diet with wine interventions for platelet function, procoagulants FVII and FVIII, von Willebrand's factor, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). After both periods of diet without wine and with wine, ORAC increased significantly compared to baseline levels. Except for platelet H2O2 fluxes and FVII concentration, none of the haemostatic or inflammatory parameters changed significantly after the intervention periods compared with baseline levels. Genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease were identified in all study participants and the potential genotypic effects relevant to this study were generally in agreement with expected phenotypic response following the dietary intervention. Our conclusions are that the period of intervention was too short for substantial changes in haemostatic or in inflammatory parameters in subjects who already manifest some changes in their cardiovascular system and who showed diverse genetic profiles underlying increased cardiovascular risk.

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Platelet activation is increased in peripheral arterial disease

Abstract: Platelet activation is increased in patients with peripheral arterial disease, suggesting an underlying prothrombotic state. Platelets from patients with critical limb ischemia are less responsive to in vitro stimulation.

Cited by 95 publications

References 21 publications

Impairment of microcirculation and energy metabolism in intermittent claudication: beneficial effects of exercise training

Impairment of microcirculation and energy metabolism in intermittent claudication: beneficial effects of exercise training

Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Tissue Engineered Human Smooth Muscle Cell Sheets

The influence of a Mediterranean Diet with and without Red Wine on the Haemostatic and Inflammatory Parameters of Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome

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