Platelet Glycine, Glutamate and Aspartate in Primary Headache

D’Andrea, Giovanni; Cananzi, A.R.; Joseph, Rajiv; Morra, M; Zamberlan, F.; Milone, Francesco; Grunfeld, Saul; Welch, K. M. A.

doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1991.1104197.x

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Plasma and platelet amino acid analyses were carried out by means of a Millipore Waters high-performance liquid chromatography system connected to a Perkin Elmer fluorescence spectrometer as described elsewhere [22].…”

Section: Analytic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and Platelet Amino Acid Concentrations in Patients Affected by Major Depression and under Fluvoxamine Treatment

et al. 1998

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Plasma and platelet levels of 18 amino acids were measured in 29 outpatients (mean age ± SD 47.41 ± 10.85 years; 14 F, 15 M) affected by major depression (DSM IV) and in 28 healthy volunteers (mean age 42.46 ± 14.19 years; 12 F, 16 M). Plasma and platelet levels of amino acids tended to be higher in depressed patients than in healthy controls. In particular, glutamate, taurine and lysine plasma levels and aspartate, serine and lysine platelet levels were significantly higher. Tryptophan/large neutral amino acids ratio (trp/LNAAs) was significantly lower in depressed patients. Fluvoxamine treatment did not influence plasma and platelet levels of amino acids or trp/LNAAs ratio.

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Section: Analytic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and Platelet Amino Acid Concentrations in Patients Affected by Major Depression and under Fluvoxamine Treatment

et al. 1998

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“…12 It is known that migraine is characterized by a state of central neuronal hyperexcitability, 30 which involves overactivity of the excitatory amino acids. Higher concentrations of excitatory amino acids (mainly glutamic and aspartic acid) were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid, 23 in the saliva, 26 in the plasma, 2,13 and in the platelets 9 of patients with migraine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Indomethacin, alone and combined with prochlorperazine and caffeine, but not sumatriptan, abolishes peripheral and central sensitization in in vivo models of migraine

Ghelardini

Galeotti

Grazioli

et al. 2004

The Journal of Pain

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M igraine is a common, multifactorial, neurovascular disorder, characterized by recurrent disabling attacks of moderate to severe headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia, and also, in up to one third of patients, neurologic aura symptoms. 12 It is known that migraine is characterized by a state of central neuronal hyperexcitability, 30 which involves overactivity of the excitatory amino acids. Higher concentrations of excitatory amino acids (mainly glutamic and aspartic acid) were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid, 23 in the saliva, 26 in the plasma, 2,13 and in the platelets 9 of patients with migraine.Recently it has been proposed that the throbbing pain of migraine, which is the pulsating pain aggravated by routine physical activities, is mediated by sensitization of peripheral trigeminovascular neurons, and that cutaneous allodynia (CA) of migraine, which means pain resulting from a non-noxious stimulus to normal skin, is mediated by sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons. 4,22 The development of hyperalgesia has been shown after the injection of kainic acid. The hyperalgesic effect of kainic acid appears to be mediated by activity at aminomethylisoxazole-propionic acid/kainate receptors that are located outside the spinal cord, perhaps on primary afferents in trigeminal ganglia. 27 Intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid induces a persistent hyperalgesia in mice and rats. 18 Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, produces

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“…These neurological phenomena are precipitated when an excessive amount of glutamic and aspartic acids are released from neurons and glia in the synaptic clefts [13]. Indeed, an increased level of these amino acids were found in plasma, platelets, and CSF of migraine with aura sufferers, suggesting that the cortex of these patients may be hyperexcitable [14]. The favorable effect of ginkgolide B in reducing or abolishing the aura in our patients may be due to the modulation and/or reducing the excitatory effect of glutamate in the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura

D’Andrea¹,

Bussone

Allais

et al. 2009

Neurol Sci

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In a multicentric, open, preliminary trial, we evaluated the use of ginkgolide B, a herbal constituent extract from Ginkgo biloba tree leaves, in the prophylactic treatment of migraine with aura (MA). Fifty women suffering from migraine with typical aura, or migraine aura without headache, diagnosed according to International Headache Society criteria, entered a six-month study. They underwent a two month run-in period free of prophylactic drugs, followed by a four month treatment period (subdivided into two bimesters, TI and TII) with a combination of 60 mg ginkgo biloba terpenes phytosome, 11 mg coenzyme Q 10, and 8.7 mg vitamin B2 (Migrasoll Ò ), administered twice daily. A detailed diary reporting neurological symptoms, duration, and frequency of MA was compiled by patients throughout the trial. The number of MA significantly decreased during treatment (from 3.7 ± 2.2 in the run-in period, to 2.0 ± 1.9 during TI and to 1.2 ± 1.6 during TII; Anova for repeated measures: P \ 0.0001).There was also a statistically significant decrease in the average MA duration, which was 40.4 ± 19.4 min during run-in, 28.2 ± 19.9 during TI, and 17.6 ± 20.6 during TII. Total disappearance of MA was observed in 11.1% patients during TI and in 42.2% of patients during T2. No serious adverse event was provoked by Migrasoll Ò administration. Ginkgolide B is effective in reducing MA frequency and duration. The effect is clearly evident in the first bimester of treatment and is further enhanced during the second.

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Platelet Glycine, Glutamate and Aspartate in Primary Headache

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Plasma and Platelet Amino Acid Concentrations in Patients Affected by Major Depression and under Fluvoxamine Treatment

Plasma and Platelet Amino Acid Concentrations in Patients Affected by Major Depression and under Fluvoxamine Treatment

Indomethacin, alone and combined with prochlorperazine and caffeine, but not sumatriptan, abolishes peripheral and central sensitization in in vivo models of migraine

Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura

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