Platelet interactions with viruses and parasites

Alonso, Ana Lopez; Cox, Dermot

doi:10.3109/09537104.2015.1025376

Cited by 29 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…receptors [19][20][21]. In addition to against microbial insults directly, platelets aid primary immune cells in the clearance of pathogens.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 patients often have the extremity deep vein thrombosis and alveolar capillary microthrombi [31,43,44]. Platelet play a role in innate immune and can be activated by bacteria and virus [19][20][21]. Influenza A H1N1 and EMCV can trigger platelet activation in FcγRIIa-dependent and Toll-like receptor 7-dependent way separately [45,46].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Thrombocytopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between thrombocytopenia and 180-day prognosis of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: A two-center observational study

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Thrombocytopenia has been proved to be associated with hospital mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. However, the detailed association of thrombocytopenia with subsequent progression of organ functions and long-term prognosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients remains to be explored. Methods Medical records of 167 confirmed cases of critically ill COVID-19 from February 16 to March 21, 2020 were collected in this two-center retrospective study. 180-day’s outcome and clinical organ development in patients with thrombocytopenia and non-thrombocytopenia were analyzed. Findings Among all 167 patients, the median age was 66 years and 67.07% were male. Significant differences were noticed in laboratory findings including white blood cells, blood urea, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and SOFA score between groups of thrombocytopenia and non-thrombocytopenia. Older age, lower platelet count and longer activated partial thromboplastin time at admission were determined to be risk factors of 28-day mortality, and all three, together with higher white blood cells were risk factors of 180-day mortality. Subsequent changes of six-point ordinal scale score, oxygenation index, and SOFA score in patients with thrombocytopenia showed marked worsening trends compared with patients without thrombocytopenia. Patients with thrombocytopenia had significantly higher mortality not only in 28 days, but also in 90 days and 180 days. The time-course curves in non-survival group showed a downtrend of platelet count and oxygenation index, while the curve of six-point ordinal scale kept an uptrend. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with thrombocytopenia had much lower probability of survival (p<0.01). Interpretation The thrombocytopenia was associated with the deterioration of respiratory function. Baseline platelet count was associated with subsequent and long-term mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

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“…receptors [19][20][21]. In addition to against microbial insults directly, platelets aid primary immune cells in the clearance of pathogens.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Thrombocytopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between thrombocytopenia and 180-day prognosis of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: A two-center observational study

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…They have a plethora of membrane receptors able to detect pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (22–26). Hence, platelets represent a prompt source of immune mediators, secreting several factors that act both on the invading pathogen or on surrounding cells (27, 28) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Platelet Roles In Immune Cell Migration Phagocytosis and Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Platelets

2019

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The role of platelets has been extensively studied in the context of coagulation and vascular integrity. Their hemostatic imbalance can lead to known conditions as atherosclerotic plaques, thrombosis, and ischemia. Nevertheless, the knowledge regarding the regulation of different cell types by platelets has been growing exponentially in the past years. Among these biological systems, the innate immune response is remarkably affected by the crosstalk with platelets. This interaction can come from the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, signaling by direct contact between membrane surface molecules or by the stimulation of immune cells by soluble factors and active microparticles secreted by platelets. These ubiquitous blood components are able to sense and react to danger signals, guiding leukocytes to an injury site and providing a scaffold for the formation of extracellular traps for efficient microbial killing and clearance. Using several different mechanisms, platelets have an important task as they regulate the release of different cytokines and chemokines upon sterile or infectious damage, the expression of cell markers and regulation of cell death and survival. Therefore, platelets are more than clotting agents, but critical players within the fine inflammatory equilibrium for the host. In this review, we present pointers to a better understanding about how platelets control and modulate innate immune cells, as well as a summary of the outcome of this interaction, providing an important step for therapeutic opportunities and guidance for future research on infectious and autoimmune diseases.

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“…2 , 3 Thrombocytopenia (TCP) is commonly associated with viral infections and serves as a sign of sepsis progression and exacerbation. 4 , 5 A prior meta-analysis suggested that low platelet count was associated with high mortality and more severe COVID-19 illness. 6 Because new studies have been published, we conducted an update of the previous meta-analysis to confirm and explain the association of platelet number with COVID-19 severity and provide a direct comparison of the risk of multiple endpoints in patients with COVID-19 with and without TCP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thrombocytopenia Is Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Outcome: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 5637 Patients with Multiple Outcomes

Zong

et al. 2020

Laboratory Medicine

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The COVID-19 pandemic is persistent worldwide. A prior meta-analysis suggested the association of thrombocytopenia (TCP) with more severe COVID-19 illness and high mortality. Considering newly published studies, we updated the previous meta-analysis to confirm and explain the association of TCP with COVID-19 severity and multiple outcomes. Twenty-four studies with 5637 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The weighted incidence of TCP in COVID-19 was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9%–17.7%). Data synthesis showed that the platelet number was lower in patients with either more severe illness or poor outcomes and even lower in nonsurvivors, with weighted mean differences of −24.56 × 109/L, −22.48 × 109/L, and −49.02 × 109/L, respectively. The meta-analysis of binary outcomes (with and without TCP) indicated the association between TCP and 3-fold enhanced risk of a composite outcome of intensive care unit admission, progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mortality (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% CI, 1.57–7.78). Subgroup analysis by endpoint events suggested TCP to be significantly associated with mortality (OR, 7.37; 95% CI, 2.08–26.14). Overall, the present comprehensive meta-analysis indicated that approximately 12% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have TCP, which also represents a sign of more severe illness and poor outcomes.

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Platelet interactions with viruses and parasites

Cited by 29 publications

References 158 publications

Association between thrombocytopenia and 180-day prognosis of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: A two-center observational study

Association between thrombocytopenia and 180-day prognosis of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: A two-center observational study

Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Platelets

Thrombocytopenia Is Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Outcome: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 5637 Patients with Multiple Outcomes

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