Platelet interlocks are the key to toughness and strength in nacre

Katti, Kalpana S.; Katti, Dinesh R.; Pradhan, Shashindra M.; Bhosle, Arundhati

doi:10.1557/jmr.2005.0171

Cited by 187 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Song et al [24,25] found the mineral bridges (which are mineral connections crossing a protein layer between adjacent mineral platelets) and proposed a "Brick, Bridge, and Mortar" model to interpret the strengthening mechanism of nacre structures. Katti et al [26] developed a platelet interlock model. Barthelat et al [27] observed a wavy structure and presented an FE model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Song

Fan

et al. 2015

Acta Mech Sin

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In the present research, hierarchical structure observation and mechanical property characterization for a type of biomaterial are carried out. The investigated biomaterial is Hyriopsis cumingii, a typical limnetic shell, which consists of two different structural layers, a prismatic "pillar" structure and a nacreous "brick and mortar" structure. The prismatic layer looks like a "pillar forest" with variationsection pillars sized on the order of several tens of microns. The nacreous material looks like a "brick wall" with bricks sized on the order of several microns. Both pillars and bricks are composed of nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of the hierarchical biomaterial are measured by using the nanoindentation test. Hardness and modulus are measured for both the nacre layer and the prismatic layer, respectively. The nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are investigated experimentally. The results show that the prismatic nanostructured material has a higher stiffness and hardness than the nacre nanostructured material. In addition, the nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are described theoretically, by using the trans-scale mechanics theory considering both strain gradient effect and the surface/interface effect. The modeling results are consistent with experimental ones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Song

Fan

et al. 2015

Acta Mech Sin

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“…Most of them only mention the qualitative phenomena with little discussion of quantitative findings and reference to macroscopic behavior. Recent works confirm that the main mechanism contributing to significant toughening of nacre is energy-dissipating sliding of the platelets at the submicrometer scale [73,74,83]. Nano-order mechanisms are, however, important in controlling the platelet sliding behavior.…”

Section: Toughening Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several origins of the interlocking and frictional resistance have been reported (figure 5), including nanoasperity on the platelet surface [8,9,80], mineral bridging [38,[80][81][82][83] and waviness of the platelet [73,80,83,84]. Nanoasperity and mineral bridging may be effective at the initial interlocking and may also generate some frictional resistance during the sliding.…”

Section: Deformation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The toughening mechanism of nacre and structural materials inspired by nacre

Kakisawa

Sumitomo²

2011

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

140

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The structure and the toughening mechanism of nacre have been the subject of intensive research over the last 30 years. This interest originates from nacre's excellent combination of strength, stiffness and toughness, despite its high, for a biological material, volume fraction of inorganic phase, typically 95%. Owing to the improvement of nanoscale measurement and observation techniques, significant progress has been made during the last decade in understanding the mechanical properties of nacre. The structure, microscopic deformation behavior and toughening mechanism on the order of nanometers have been investigated, and the importance of hierarchical structure in nacre has been recognized. This research has led to the fabrication of multilayer composites and films inspired by nacre with a layer thickness below 1 µm. Some of these materials reproduce the inorganic/organic interaction and hierarchical structure beyond mere morphology mimicking. In the first part of this review, we focus on the hierarchical architecture, macroscopic and microscopic deformation and fracture behavior, as well as toughening mechanisms in nacre. Then we summarize recent progress in the fabrication of materials inspired by nacre taking into consideration its mechanical properties.

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“…18 The aforementioned micromechanical approaches can be relatively straightforwardly extended to the realm of microporomechanics, 19 considering also the effect of fl uids fi lling different pore spaces, such as the intermolecular, the intercrystalline, the lacunar, and the vascular spaces in bone. 20 , 21 This also opens the hierarchical approaches described here to the coupled biochemo-mechanical analyses described in the previous section.…”

Section: Hierarchical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale mechanics of biological, bioinspired, and biomedical materials

Hellmich

Katti

2015

MRS Bull.

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Measuring mechanical properties is an integral part of almost any characterization procedure in state-of-the-art materials science. Such measurements are typically done according to standardized protocols, 1 , 2 both for equipment characteristics and data evaluation. These protocols have their origins in metallurgy, as well as mechanical and civil engineeringmetals being the fi rst materials used on a broad industrial scale. Over the course of time, the same or similar protocols were used for other materials, and recent decades have evidenced a growing interest in applying them to either biological materials or materials mimicking or replacing biological tissue.An immediate outcome of these activities was that the mechanical properties of biological materials were found to be highly variable and diffi cult to capture by the aforementioned protocols. One thought was that the mechanical theories underlying the testing protocols emanating from the metals fi eld might not be fully applicable to the highly complex, hierarchically organized biological materials and might need further development, and the corresponding basic assumptions may need to be rethought and improved. These developments, driven by the applied physics and chemistry communities, as well as the mechanical and civil engineering communities, have left their traces in these various scientifi c fi elds and refl ected back on materials science at large. This is illustrated by the various and ever-growing symposia at Materials Research Society (MRS) Meetings and other conferences over the last decade.This issue of MRS Bulletin is a compilation of articles highlighting different, complementary, and interdependent approaches to the challenge of extending theoretical and applied mechanics to the level needed for reliably capturing the properties of biological materials. The articles also include analogous, extensive consequences for measurement methods and evaluation protocols intended to determine mechanical procedures. Improving evaluation protocols: From stress-strain curves to elaborate back-analysis schemes founded on mechanical principlesProblems with proper determination of elastic properties of biological materials and biomaterials might start with basic and seemingly well-understood quantities such as Young's modulus. As one standard measure of elastic material behavior, Young's modulus can be determined from the linear portion of loading in a load-displacement curve obtained from quasistatic tests; this is in case the tested material exhibits a pronounced purely elastic regime, as is normally encountered Multiscale mechanics of biological, bioinspired, and biomedical materials Christian Hellmich and Dinesh Katti , Guest EditorsMechanical property measurement protocols have their origins in metallurgy as well as in mechanical and civil engineering-metals being the fi rst materials used on a broad industrial scale. Recent decades have evidenced growing interest in applying these protocols to biological materials or materials mimicking or replacing b...

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Platelet interlocks are the key to toughness and strength in nacre

Cited by 187 publications

References 8 publications

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

The toughening mechanism of nacre and structural materials inspired by nacre

Multiscale mechanics of biological, bioinspired, and biomedical materials

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