Platelets and coronary heart disease: potential psychophysiologic mechanisms.

Markovitz, Jerome H.; Matthews, Karen A.

doi:10.1097/00006842-199111000-00006

Cited by 167 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…They have α-2, β-2 adrenoceptors, benzodiazepine and 5-HT (1, 2, 6, 3) receptors on their membranes [19]. Markovitz et al [20] found that emotional stress increases platelet activity and suggested that stressors may play an important role in vascular events such as myocardial infarction. In the case of increased stress and anxiety, serotonin binds to 5-HT-2 receptors on platelets and mediates the release of factors that promote platelet aggregation [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean platelet volume level in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Almış

Aksoy

2017

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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OBJECTIVE: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by persistent and chronic anxiety state. Stressful life events and anxiety usually cause an increase in platelet volume and activity through various mechanisms. Mean platelet volume (MPV), which is indicative of platelet size, is accepted as an indication of platelet activity. METHOD: In this first retrospective cohort study about MPV among GAD patients, we compared complete blood count especially in terms of platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT) and MPV values of 60 GAD patients with 60 healthy controls. RESULTS: MPV was found to be significantly higher (p = .008) and platelet count was found to be significantly lower in the GAD group (p = .001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of MPV levels for GAD was 0.655 (95% CI: 0.557-0.754, p < .001). DISCUSSION: Increased MPV levels in GAD patients in our study supports the hypothesis of increased platelet activation due to sympathetic system activation. Also platelet levels were found to be significantly lower in GAD patients in our study. This finding is consistent with the non-linear inverse relation between platelet volume and platelet count. According to ROC curve analysis for differentiation of GAD from those in the control group, MPV would be considered to be a "poor" biochemical marker. We believe that further controlled prospective studies about this issue will be valuable. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean platelet volume level in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Almış

Aksoy

2017

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Markovitz & Matthews (133) initially proposed that enhanced platelet response to psychological stress is a key mechanism whereby psychosocial stress may trigger acute ischemic events and contribute to the development and progression of CVD. Figure 1 is an adaptation and extension of their proposed model, which incorporates additional mechanisms discussed in this review.…”

Section: Platelet Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anger expression has been positively correlated with platelet aggregability (219). The relation between psychosocial factors and platelet activation and/or reactivity may be mediated, at least in part, by alterations in serotonergic function (133).…”

Section: Platelet Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases

Everson‐Rose

Lewis

2005

Annu. Rev. Public Health

669

501

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■ Abstract Rapidly accruing evidence from a diversity of disciplines supports the hypothesis that psychosocial factors are related to morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. We review relevant literature on (a) negative emotional states, including depression, anger and hostility, and anxiety; (b) chronic and acute psychosocial stressors; and (c) social ties, social support, and social conflict. All three of these psychosocial domains have been significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We also discuss critical pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways that likely operate in a synergistic and integrative way to promote atherogenesis and related clinical manifestations. We conclude by discussing some of the important challenges and opportunities for future investigations. OVERVIEWTraditional cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, do not fully account for or explain the excess burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the population. Most individuals who develop CVD have at least one of these risk factors (67); nevertheless, other factors contribute to the development and progression of CVD. Several psychosocial characteristics are importantly related to coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, stroke, and other cardiovascular disorders. Indeed, the literature on this topic is quite expansive. The purpose of this review is to provide a selected summary of key findings in this literature. We note some of the classic studies and historical developments important to the field and focus on prospective, epidemiological studies, with clinical endpoints [e.g., myocardial infarction (MI), CVD mortality, stroke] and/or subclinical cardiovascular disease (e.g., carotid atherosclerosis, coronary calcification) as the outcome. We begin with current statistics on the impact and cost of CVD, outline and review the literature on three important psychosocial domains that have received much of the research attention, discuss key pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways by which psychosocial factors may

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“…Increased platelet reactivity is another hypothesis proposed by Markovitz and Matthews (1991) that could account for increased cardiovascular risk from psychological stress. During a stress response, lipids are released and deposited in the cardiovascular system.…”

Section: Stress Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During a stress response, lipids are released and deposited in the cardiovascular system. Stress causes activation of blood platelets that responds to and activates the clotting cascade (Markovitz & Matthews, 1991). Repeated or prolonged stress responses lead to a buildup of plaque and eventual thrombosis, heart failure, and possible myocardial infarction.…”

Section: Stress Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Spirituality on Cardiovascular Reactivity Among African Americans

Hagemaster¹

2010

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In 2005, almost 71 million Americans had at least one form of cardiovascular disease. CVD can be caused by a group of metabolic risk factors including hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. African Americans share a disproportionate amount of stress-related disorders, including stress specifically related to racial and ethnic differences. Stress from racism or discrimination is pervasive and chronic. Racial discrimination may account for health disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study seeks to examine the role of religiousness / spirituality (R/S) as a buffer to stress. The current exploratory study examined the effects of religiousness and spirituality on stress reactivity following an acute racial stressor among African American men and women. In particular, this study examined whether religiousness/spirituality serves as a buffer to stress in an allostatic model where body mass index categories are compared for changes in stress reactivity. Stress was measured by systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and salivary cortisol. Results partially supported the study hypotheses. Stress reactivity was generally the lowest for normal weight participants and highest for participants who were obese. In addition, the effect of religiousness and spirituality on stress varied by allostatic load, as indicated by BMI in the current study. There was no support found for overall religiousness or overall spirituality providing a buffer effect for diastolic or cortisol stress reactivity. This study is important because it provides additional details about the relationship between spirituality and health outcomes. This study also provides evidence that allostatic load from overweight or obesity increases stress and decreases the body's effectiveness of responding additional stressors. This research project has added to the body of knowledge regarding convergent and divergent validity of R/S, as measured by the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness and Spirituality (BMMRS), with several other measures of resilience, hope, well-being, social support, depression, and state anxiety.

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Platelets and coronary heart disease: potential psychophysiologic mechanisms.

Cited by 167 publications

References 133 publications

Mean platelet volume level in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Mean platelet volume level in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Psychosocial Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases

The Impact of Spirituality on Cardiovascular Reactivity Among African Americans

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