Platform chemicals from hardwood black liquor <i>via</i> hydrothermal liquefaction: influence of process conditions on product yields and quality

Harisankar, S.; Vinu, R.

doi:10.1039/d3se00308f

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

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Chemical characterization of heat‐treated kraft lignin after fractionation with organic solvents and pH effect

de Paula,

Nunes,

Demuner

et al. 2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Lignin, the main source of renewable aromatics, has a complex structure, high polydispersity, and low reactivity, which hinders its large‐scale use. This study aims to improve lignin reactivity through heat treatment combined with fractionation by organic solvents or the pH effect. Heat treatment of commercial hardwood black liquor was performed at 225 °C for 150 min. The samples were then fractionated either by using organic solvents (ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and acetone) or by lowering pH using hydrochloric acid (HCl) (pH values 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9). The fractionation was carried out in one step and in sequential mode. The fractionated samples were characterized chemically by the content of acid‐soluble and acid‐insoluble lignin, carbohydrates, ash, inorganic compounds (metals), elemental analysis, and by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py‐GC–MS). The highest mass yields were obtained using the one‐step mode for both fractionations, with yields as high as 53.3% for organic solvents and 47.8% for the pH effect. Solvent fractionation reduced ash content by up to 75.4% and increased calorific value, carbon content, and total lignin content. Fractionation by pH effect showed an ash reduction of up to 55.9% and an increase in calorific value and carbon content of up to 8.7 MJ kg−1 and 49.7%, respectively. The Hansen solubility parameters were also calculated to address lignin's solubility in each of the tested solvents. These findings indicate that combining heat treatment and fractionation techniques improves lignin's chemical properties significantly, making it a more viable raw material for industrial use. This approach supports the circular economy by transforming lignin into a high‐value product, thereby promoting sustainable and efficient resource utilization across industries.

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Chemical characterization of heat‐treated kraft lignin after fractionation with organic solvents and pH effect

de Paula,

Nunes,

Demuner

et al. 2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Jet Fuel Hydrocarbons From Lignin Through Aqueous Phase Catalytic Upgradation: Path to Scale-Up

Harisankar,

Vinu

2024

Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering

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Utilization of papermaking black liquor as liquid phase for hydrothermal carbonization of corn stalks: The unique role of alkali for production of hydrochar

Bao,

Liu

2024

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Platform chemicals from hardwood black liquor via hydrothermal liquefaction: influence of process conditions on product yields and quality

Abstract: Black liquor is a complex aqueous by-product from the paper and pulp industry comprising of lignin residues and inorganic chemicals such as NaOH and Na2S. Valorization of black liquor through...

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Chemical characterization of heat‐treated kraft lignin after fractionation with organic solvents and pH effect

Chemical characterization of heat‐treated kraft lignin after fractionation with organic solvents and pH effect

Jet Fuel Hydrocarbons From Lignin Through Aqueous Phase Catalytic Upgradation: Path to Scale-Up

Utilization of papermaking black liquor as liquid phase for hydrothermal carbonization of corn stalks: The unique role of alkali for production of hydrochar

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