In this chapter, discussions are focused on two types of mechanisms of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrochalcogenation, Type I and Type II, which are classified by the initial behavior of precatalysts. In Type I mechanism, precatalyst M-X (M ¼ Pd, Ni, Zr, Ln, and An) first undergoes protonolysis with REH (E ¼ O, S, and Se) to generate active catalyst M-ER, which then undergoes insertion of alkyne into the M-ER bond (chalcogenometalation) to give 2-chalcogenovinyl complex, followed by protonolysis of M-C vinyl with REH to produce the product and to regenerate active catalyst M-ER. Type II mechanism starts from oxidative addition of REH (E ¼ S and Se) to