Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation in Polymer Chemistry

Abstract

This paper addresses a review of platinum-based hydrosilylation catalysts. The main field of application of these catalysts is the curing of silicone polymers. Since the 1960s, this area has developed rapidly in connection with the emergence of new polymer compositions and new areas of application. Here we describe general mechanisms of the catalyst activity and the structural effects of the ligands on activity and stability of the catalysts together with the methods for their synthesis.

The mechanism of oxidative addition of Pd(0) to Si–H bonds: electronic effects, reaction mechanism, and hydrosilylation

“…[12][13][14] However, despite the fact that these species are oen proposed as intermediates, the direct observation or isolation of complexes containing a formal Pd-H bond is uncommon, and fundamental study of their behaviour has largely been precluded. 1,2,12 Organosilicon compounds are broadly signicant, since they are used as monomers to synthesize polysiloxanes (silicones), 15,16 and they have also recently gained attention for their use as biocompatible yet non-natural carbon isosteres 17 in the synthesis of bioactive molecules. [18][19][20] Transition metal-catalysed hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes is the primary method for synthesizing organosilanes, [21][22][23][24][25] with most development and mechanistic work focusing primarily on Pt catalysts.…”

Unsupported Pt nanoparticles: Synthesis, Deactivation, and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis in Unpurified Electrolytes

“…Platinum is one of the most widely studied transition metals for applications in thermal and electrochemical catalysis. [1][2][3][4][5] The many thermocatalytic applications of Pt include automotive exhaust treatment [6][7][8][9] as well as the production of nitric acid, 10,11 silicones, 12,13 and petrochemical feedstocks. 14,15 Pt is also used ubiquitously in analytical and industrial electrochemistry, and many of these applications revolve around its high catalytic activity toward reactions involving hydrogen.…”

Cobalt- and iron-catalyzed regiodivergent alkene hydrosilylations

“…At lower equivalents of KF and KHCO 3 a silanol product (8) could be obtained at room temperature, while the full oxidative hydrolysis product 1phenylethan-1-ol (9) could be accessed via use of increased equivalents KF and KHCO 3 and at an elevated temperature. Finally, a transition-metal-free fluorination of silane was exploited, which provides mild route to fluorosilane (10).…”

“…The majority of catalysts capable of alkene hydrosilylation are based upon precious metals, [1][2]6 and in particular, Pt-based complexes have been explored extensively (Scheme 1a). [7][8][9][10] However, platinum is a rare metal with an abundance of only 0.005 ppm in the earth's crust. Furthermore, these homogeneous precious metal catalysts are difficult to recover and are often left behind as residual impurities in the organosilicon products; the annual loss of Pt resulting from industrial hydrosilylation is estimated to reach 5.6 tons.…”