Platinum crystallite size considerations for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction—I

Bett, J.A.S.; Lundquist, Joseph T.; Washington, E.; Stonehart, P.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(73)85002-9

Cited by 115 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…• specific activity is constant, independent of the the Pt particle size (5,6,8) In this paper, we will present an argument to rationalize some of the trends observed in Table 1. The decrease in the mass activity observed with smaller Pt particles (1-4) is referred to as "lost activity.…”

Section: Oxygen Reduction On Supported Platinum Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Bett et al (8) concluded that atoms at edges or comers are not more active that those on the crystal faces, and that oxygen reduction on highly dispersed Pt electrocatalysts in 1 N H 2 S0 4 occurs C Bs sites are sites on Pt particles where an adsorbed entity makes a point-contact to five Pt atoms. On the (111) and (100) crystal faces there are only B3 and B 4 sites, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle Size Effects for Oxygen Reduction on Highly Dispersed Platinum in Acid Electrolytes

Kinoshita

1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

851

618

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The particle size effect for oxygen reduction kinetics on highly dispersed Pt particles in acid electrolytes are discussed. It is suggested that the change in the fraction of surface atoms on the (100) and ( 111) crystal faces of Pt particles, which are assumed to be cubo-octahedral structures, can be correlated to the mass activity (A/g Pt) and specific activity (~AJcm 2 Pt) of highly dispersed Pt electrocatalysts. The maximum in mass activity that is observed at -3.5 nm in several studies is attributed to the maximum in the surface fraction of Pt atoms on the ( 100) and ( 111) crystal faces, which results from the change in surface coordination number with a change in the average particle size. The reduction of oxygen on supported Pt particles in acid electrolytes is classified as a demanding or structure-sensitive reaction; the specific activity increases with an increase in particle size.

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Section: Oxygen Reduction On Supported Platinum Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Effects for Oxygen Reduction on Highly Dispersed Platinum in Acid Electrolytes

Kinoshita

1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

851

618

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several works reported that Pt reached a maximum mass specific activity at a mean particle size of 3-5 nm [15][16][17][18], while others observed a straight increase of mass specific activity as Pt particle size decreased [19][20][21]. Peuckert et al [15], for instance, found that the ORR surface specific activity was constant with Pt particle sizes above 4 nm but it dropped by a factor of 20 when the particle size decreased from 3 nm to 1 nm, suggesting around 4 nm be the optimum Pt particle size for the maximum ORR mass specific activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle size on the activity and durability of the Pt/C electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2012

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

166

110

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a b s t r a c tCarbon supported Pt (Pt/C) with various average particle sizes ranging from sub 3 nm to 6.5 nm were in situ prepared and characterized at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A clear Pt particle size effect on both the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the durability of the electrocatalyst was revealed. With the Pt particle size increase, both the surface specific activity and the electrochemical stability of Pt/C improved; however, the mass specific activity of Pt/C is balanced by the electrochemical surface area loss. The reduced occupation of corner and edge atoms on the Pt surface during the Pt particle size increase is believed to weaken the adsorption of the oxygenated species on Pt, and thereafter releases more available active sites for ORR and also renders the Pt surface a stronger resistance against potential cycling. It is therefore proposed that by designing the Pt microstructure with more face atoms on the surface, cathode electrocatalyst with both improved activity and enhanced durability would be developed for PEMFCs.

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“…In spite of the fact that earlier Zeliger, 1~ Bert et al, 11 and later Kunz and Gruver 7 and Vogel and Barfs ~2 have shown that the oxygen reduction was independent of the platinum particle size, Blurton et al ~3 and Bergoli ~ found a decrease in the specific platinum activity on oxygen reduction with diminishing particle size in 20 weight percent (w/o) H2SQ at 70~ and in * Electrochemical Society Active Member.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oxygen Reduction on Gas‐Diffusion Electrodes for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells by a Potential Decay Method

Xiao

Hjuler

et al. 1995

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The reduction of gaseous oxygen on carbon-supported platinum electrodes has been studied at 150~ with polarization and potential decay measurements. The electrolyte was either 100 weight percent phosphoric acid or that acid with a fluorinated additive, potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate (C6FI3SO3K). The pseudo-Tafel curves of the overpotential vs. log (iiL/(iL --i)) show a two-slope behavior, probably due to different adsorption mechanisms. The potential relaxations as functions of log (t + ~) and log (-d~/dt) have been plotted. The variations of these slopes and the dependence of the double-layer capacitance on the overpotential depended on the electrode manufacture and the kind of electrolyte {whether containing the fluorinated additive or not).

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Platinum crystallite size considerations for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction—I

Cited by 115 publications

References 13 publications

Particle Size Effects for Oxygen Reduction on Highly Dispersed Platinum in Acid Electrolytes

Particle Size Effects for Oxygen Reduction on Highly Dispersed Platinum in Acid Electrolytes

Effect of particle size on the activity and durability of the Pt/C electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Oxygen Reduction on Gas‐Diffusion Electrodes for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells by a Potential Decay Method

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