As a large family of two-dimensional materials, MXenes
have attracted
intensive attention in recent years. For more functional applications,
it is of great significance to determine new MXene members. Here,
we theoretically expand the M elements of MXenes to the lanthanide
series. Based on density functional theory calculations, the bare
lanthanide-based carbides M2C (M = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu,
Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) and the corresponding fluorine- and
hydroxyl-terminated configurations are investigated. Most of the fluorine-
and hydroxyl-terminated MXenes investigated are half-metals. Specifically,
in the half-metallic Eu2CF2, the spin-down states
show a band gap larger than 2 eV, implying this configuration’s
potential applications in spin generation and injection. Both Gd2CT2 (T = F and OH) are magnetic semiconductors.
The former shows an indirect band gap of 1.38 eV, while the latter
presents a direct one of 0.882 eV. These two configurations also show
large magnetic moments higher than 13.7 μB per unit
cell. All the hydroxyl-terminated MXene members show relatively low
work functions, with the lowest value of 1.46 eV determined in Tm2C(OH)2. These predicted electronic properties imply
that the lanthanide-based MXenes could have potential applications
in spintronics, information storage, near-infrared detectors, field
effect transistors, and field emitter cathodes.