Platinum Group Elements

Zereini, Fathi; Wiseman, Clare L.S.

doi:10.1002/9781444319477.ch24

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The presence of platinum and palladium favors the oxidation of carbon monoxide and non-combusted hydrocarbons, and rhodium allows the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Due to mechanical abrasion of the catalysts during their use, platinum is progressively released into the environment (Zereini and Wiseman 2015). The total amount lost during the lifetime of a catalytic converter is estimated to be less than 5% (Hagelüken et al 2005), which is coherent with engine test bench experiments conducted by Artelt et al (2000) with emissions ranging between 9 and 124 ng Pt km -1 as determined for medium-powered gasoline engines.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…As a consequence, PGEs are used in a variety of industrial fields, which has led to an increase in their overall geochemical mobility and a growing concern about the impacts of these elements on ecosystems (Zereini and Wiseman 2015). Automobile catalytic converters correspond to the most important demand for PGEs and are the main source of emissions to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Algal bioaccumulation and toxicity of platinum are increased in the presence of humic acids

et al. 2022

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Environmental context The growth in demand for platinum has led to an increase in the presence of this metal in the environment but little is known about its toxicity to aquatic organisms. The presence of organic matter should contribute to decreasing metal bioavailability but the opposite was found for platinum. How ubiquitous natural organic matter can alter the accumulation and effects of platinum group elements remains to be fully elucidated. Rationale There is a growing interest for platinum in ecotoxicology, mainly because of its use in automobile exhaust catalysts. When it reaches aquatic ecosystems, platinum can interact with ligands such as natural organic matter. According to the Biotic Ligand Model, the formation of such complexes should reduce metal bioavailability. As a consequence, toxicity should decrease in the presence of organic matter. Methodology This study focused on the uptake of platinum by two microalgae species (Chlorella fusca and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and its subsequent inhibitory effects on growth (96 h). Cells were exposed to platinum (5–300 µg L−1) at three concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg C L−1) of standard Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA). Platinum bound to humic acid was determined experimentally using partial ultrafiltration to relate metal uptake and toxicity to speciation. Results Unexpectedly, results show that platinum toxicity, expressed as ultrafiltrable Pt (not bound to humic acid) and total Pt concentrations, is enhanced in the presence of humic acid for both algae. For C. fusca, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values decreased from 93 to 37 and 35 µg L−1 of ultrafiltrable Pt in the presence of 10 and 20 mg C L−1 SRHA and from 89 to 36 and 0.31 µg L−1 for C. reinhardtii. Discussion In contradiction with the Biotic Ligand Model, the results show that the presence of SRHA can significantly and importantly increase platinum uptake and toxicity as determined in two unicellular green algae, C. reinhardtii and C. fusca. The present work raises the issue of the impact of platinum on microalgae under realistic environmental conditions (ubiquitous presence of organic matter), primary producers being of great ecological importance.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal bioaccumulation and toxicity of platinum are increased in the presence of humic acids

et al. 2022

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“…Among those most extensively investigated for catalysis are the platinum group metals (PGMs, including Pt, Pd, and Rh; see Figure for a partial list). These metals are able to catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions such as coupling, hydrogenation, and dehydrogenation that are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as in the production of polymers, pesticides, and dyes . Nevertheless, the bulk use of these metals (45%, 78%, and 80% of their global production, respectively) is in the three-way catalytic converters, which contain at least two of the PGMs to convert the hazardous byproducts (NO x , CO, and hydrocarbons) exhausted from the automobiles into less harmful gases such as N 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O. , As evident from this example, a practical catalytic system often requires the involvement of two or more metals to simultaneously or sequentially handle different types of reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications

Gilroy

Ruditskiy²,

Peng³

et al. 2016

Chem. Rev.

1,458

1,307

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Achieving mastery over the synthesis of metal nanocrystals has emerged as one of the foremost scientific endeavors in recent years. This intense interest stems from the fact that the composition, size, and shape of nanocrystals not only define their overall physicochemical properties but also determine their effectiveness in technologically important applications. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of recent research activities on bimetallic nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to the architectural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals, followed by discussion of the various synthetic techniques necessary for controlling the elemental ratio and spatial arrangement. We have selected key examples from the literature that exemplify critical concepts and place a special emphasis on mechanistic understanding. We then discuss the composition-dependent properties of bimetallic nanocrystals in terms of catalysis, optics, and magnetism and conclude the Review by highlighting applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by precisely controlling the synthesis of bimetallic nanocrystals.

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“…This makes platinum an important candidate for biological recovery from waste streams and other environmental niches. As bacterial communities have been naturally associated with platinum-group mineral grains [7], efforts have been made to explore the usability of microorganisms for the recovery of platinum group metals from the environment [8]. For instance, biological recovery of platinum has been shown for halophilic microbial communities, indicating that Pt from waste streams can be transformed into Pt-rich biomass, which in turn can be used as input for the refinery of precious metals [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and Transcriptomic Changes That Mediate Increased Platinum Resistance in Cupriavidus metallidurans

Ali

Provoost

Maertens

et al. 2019

Genes

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The extensive anthropogenic use of platinum, a rare element found in low natural abundance in the Earth’s continental crust and one of the critical raw materials in the EU innovation partnership framework, has resulted in increased concentrations in surface environments. To minimize its spread and increase its recovery from the environment, biological recovery via different microbial systems is explored. In contrast, studies focusing on the effects of prolonged exposure to Pt are limited. In this study, we used the metal-resistant Cupriavidus metallidurans NA4 strain to explore the adaptation of environmental bacteria to platinum exposure. We used a combined Nanopore–Illumina sequencing approach to fully resolve all six replicons of the C. metallidurans NA4 genome, and compared them with the C. metallidurans CH34 genome, revealing an important role in metal resistance for its chromid rather than its megaplasmids. In addition, we identified the genomic and transcriptomic changes in a laboratory-evolved strain, displaying resistance to 160 µM Pt4+. The latter carried 20 mutations, including a large 69.9 kb deletion in its plasmid pNA4_D (89.6 kb in size), and 226 differentially-expressed genes compared to its parental strain. Many membrane-related processes were affected, including up-regulation of cytochrome c and a lytic transglycosylase, down-regulation of flagellar and pili-related genes, and loss of the pNA4_D conjugative machinery, pointing towards a significant role in the adaptation to platinum.

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Platinum Group Elements

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Algal bioaccumulation and toxicity of platinum are increased in the presence of humic acids

Algal bioaccumulation and toxicity of platinum are increased in the presence of humic acids

Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications

Genomic and Transcriptomic Changes That Mediate Increased Platinum Resistance in Cupriavidus metallidurans

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