Platinum group elements study in automobile catalysts and exhaust gas samples

Omrani, Mehrazin; Goriaux, Mathieu; Liu, Yao; Martinet, Simon; Jean-Soro, Liliane; Ruban, Véronique

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113477

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Sin embargo, el diseño del proceso de combustión en estos vehículos genera un envejecimiento y, por tanto, una pérdida de eficiencia [16]. Además, su sobreuso produce niveles elevados de emisión de materia particulada como platinoides y óxido de zirconia [16,17], por lo que se recomienda su reemplazo oportuno.…”

Section: Principios De Funcionamiento De Los Catalizadores De Tres Ví...unclassified

Catalizadores de tres vías: historia, funcionamiento y ventajas ambientales

et al. 2022

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El catalizador de tres vías es una herramienta utilizada para reducir la emisión de gases contaminantes liberados por el motor de combustión interna de un automóvil. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una comprensión del funcionamiento e importancia de los catalizadores de tres vías. Se presenta una descripción general de la evolución histórica de su desarrollo, hasta llegar a la formulación y estructura de los catalizadores actuales. Además, se describe su funcionamiento a nivel molecular y las condiciones de operación que aseguran su eficiencia de conversión. Discutimos las ventajas al medio ambiente y a la salud humana que acompañan su uso adecuado. Por último, se remarca la importancia de su reemplazo oportuno.

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Section: Principios De Funcionamiento De Los Catalizadores De Tres Ví...unclassified

Catalizadores de tres vías: historia, funcionamiento y ventajas ambientales

et al. 2022

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“…The first is that the conversion of toxic gases does not occur, and the second is that all this material could be released into the environment. Previous works have reported the presence of platinum group elements related to traffic sources in soil/road dust [40][41][42][43], atmospheric dust [44][45][46], and the exhaust pipe [47][48][49]. More recently, the incorporation of ZrO 2 and CeO 2 compounds from the catalyst in environmental matrices [14] has been studied.…”

Section: Wear Degradation and Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Nanoparticles in the Environment and Catalytic Converters Ageing

et al. 2021

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A Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) contains a cordierite ceramic monolith coated with a layer of Al2O3, CexZr1−xO2 and platinoids mixture. Under standard operation, the platinoid concentration decreases, exposing the remaining washcoat structure. After that particle release stage, the sintering process follows where the crystalline CexZr1−xO2 solution is broken and begins to separate into ZrO2 and CeO2 phases. ZrO2 is released to the environment as micro and nanoparticles, while a small amount of CeO2 generates a new AlxCe1−xO2 composite. The main effect of Ce capture is the growth in the size of the polycrystal structure from 86.13 ± 16.58 nm to 225.35 ± 69.51 nm. Moreover, a transformation of cordierite to mullite was identified by XRD analysis. Raman spectra showed that the oxygen vacancies (Vö) concentration decreased as CexZr1−xO2 phases separation occurred. The SEM-EDS revealed the incorporation of new spurious elements and microfractures favouring the detachment of the TWC support structure. The release of ultrafine particles is a consequence of catalytic devices overusing. The emission of refractory micro to nanocrystals to the atmosphere may represent an emerging public health issue underlining the importance of implementing strict worldwide regulations on regular TWCs replacement.

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“…PGEs were directly determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole (ICP-MS-QQQ, Agilent 8900), in MS/MS mode. The chemical processes to determine the total PGEs contents, the operating condition of ICP-MS-QQQ and the process for internal quality control (IQC) are thoroughly explained in Omrani et al (2020). To perform the microwave-assisted digestion with aqua regia:…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indium ( 115 In) was chosen as an internal standard for analysing the PGEs. The calculation of PGEs measuring precision are also thoroughly discussed in Omrani et al (2020). Measuring precision of Pt and Rh was calculated to be 11%.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum group elements in atmospheric PM10 particles and dry deposition in France

Omrani

Goriaux

Jean-Soro

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Platinum group elements (PGEs, i.e. platinum, Pt; palladium, Pd; and rhodium, Rh) catalyse over 90% of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons from combustion residues into water vapour, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the vehicle's catalytic converter. But there is a major concern over these metals in the scientific world, since they are emitted by catalytic converters and accumulating in the environment. The distribution of PGEs in PM10 fraction was studied in an open urban site (Nantes, France) and in a tunnel (Paris, France) using low-and high-volume air samplers. PGEs were also investigated in dry deposition particles and deposited dust sampled in the tunnel. Pd occurred at the highest levels in both PM10 and dry deposition samples, followed by Rh and Pt. Maximum concentrations in PM10 fraction were 114 pg m −3 for Pd, 14.3 pg m −3 for Rh and 3.3 pg m −3 for Pt in the urban site (Nantes) and 91 pg m −3 for Pd and 16 pg m −3 for Rh in the tunnel (Paris). The concentrations for dry depositions in the tunnel were 261 μg kg −1 for Pt, 431 μg kg −1 for Pd and 85 μg kg −1 for Rh. The results on PGEs levels in atmospheric particles and dry depositions are the first data of their kind in France and will provide new insights into the contribution of catalytic converters to the environment. We also observed Pd and Rh being 2 times higher PM10 particles compared to dry depositions, leading us to suggest that particles rich in Pd and Rh are smaller than 10 μm. An overall concentration trend of Pd > Rh > Pt was observed in all samples, showing the replacement of Pt by Pd and Rh in newer catalytic converters.

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Platinum group elements study in automobile catalysts and exhaust gas samples

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Catalizadores de tres vías: historia, funcionamiento y ventajas ambientales

Catalizadores de tres vías: historia, funcionamiento y ventajas ambientales

Release of Nanoparticles in the Environment and Catalytic Converters Ageing

Platinum group elements in atmospheric PM10 particles and dry deposition in France

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