“…Metal phosphides can usually be understood as P-doped metal “alloys”, and the bond formation of metal and P atoms can greatly modify the geometric and electronic structures of metal atoms, similar to bimetallic alloys. − However, compared with bimetallic alloys, the smaller size and higher electronegativity of P atoms offer additional flexibility for obtaining desired properties, which provides a feasible strategy for robust catalyst design. , Metal-rich phosphides, for example, M 3 P, M 2 P, and MP, with structures containing metal–metal bonds, display metallic properties for a number of heterogeneous catalytic applications including electrochemistry for hydrogen evolution, , hydroprocessing for the removal of S, N, and O from petroleum, ,− olefin hydroformylation, alkane dehydrogenation, − and so forth. Transition-metal phosphides often have high thermal stability, which suggests that these might be potential catalysts for high-temperature reactions. − For example, Ni 2 P has higher olefin selectivity than Ni nanoparticles (NPs) for propane dehydrogenation at 550 °C.…”