Platinum Group Nanowires for Efficient Electrocatalysis

Shao, Qi; Lu, Kunyan; Huang, Xiaoqing

doi:10.1002/smtd.201800545

Cited by 65 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(227 reference statements)

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“…However, Pd and Ru take completely different crystal structures in the bulk, face‐centered cubic (fcc) for Pd versus hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) for Ru, and their reduction potentials also show significant difference (Pd 2+ /Pd: 0.95 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE); Ru 3+ /Ru: 0.39 V vs SHE), making it challenging to synthesize Pd‐Ru alloy catalysts with controllable compositions and structures. Thus far, the Pd‐Ru catalysts reported in literature were mainly based on irregular nanoparticles, and nanoflowers or nanobranches featuring a low content of Ru …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd‐Ru Alloy Nanocages with a Face‐Centered Cubic Structure and Their Enhanced Activity toward the Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol

et al. 2020

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drawbacks, including the low boiling point and high toxicity of methanol, together with severe catalyst poisoning during long-term operation. [3,4] To address these issues, one can switch to alcohols with high molecular weights, such as ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol that feature high boiling points and low toxicity. [5] With regard to the catalyst, an effective strategy is to incorporate Ru into the conventional Pd catalysts for the formation of a Pd-Ru alloy. The alloy-based catalysts are capable of not only enhancing the activity by modulating the electronic structure but also significantly improving the durability owing to the increased resistance to CO poisoning. [6][7][8] Additionally, compared with other precious metals such as Pt and Rh, Ru has a relatively high abundance in the Earth's crust and its current price is about three times lower than those of Pt and Rh, making it promising for the large-scale use in commercial applications. [9] However, Pd and Ru take completely different crystal structures in the bulk, face-centered cubic (fcc) for Pd versus hexagonal close-packed (hcp) for Ru, and their reduction potentials also show significant difference (Pd 2+ /Pd: 0.95 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE); Ru 3+ /Ru: 0.39 V vs SHE), making it challenging to synthesize Pd-Ru alloy catalysts with controllable compositions and structures. Thus far, the Pd-Ru catalysts reported in literature were mainly based on irregular nanoparticles, and nanoflowers or nanobranches featuring a low content of Ru. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] As an alternative to the conventional catalysts based upon solid nanoparticles, nanocages have recently emerged as an intriguing class of catalysts for various reactions. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The characteristic hollow structure, ultrathin and porous walls of nanocages are advantageous in maximizing the atom utilization efficiency while the well-controlled surface structures could be leveraged to optimize the active sites. [26,27] One effective route to the synthesis of nanocages is based upon galvanic replacement, which involves the spontaneous reduction of metal ions at the expense of oxidation of a sacrificial template. [28] Moreover, galvanic replacement can be completed within a short period, making it attractive for practical applications. [29][30][31] Regarding the synthesis of Pd-Ru nanocages, despite the well-established protocols for the production of Pd nanocrystals with diverse This article reports a facile method for the synthesis of Pd-Ru nanocages by activating the galvanic replacement reaction between Pd nanocrystals and a Ru(III) precursor with Iions. The as-synthesized nanocages feature a hollow interior, ultrathin wall of ≈2.5 nm in thickness, and a cubic shape. Our quantitative study suggests that the reduction rate of the Ru(III) precursor can be substantially accelerated upon the introduction of Iions and then retarded as the ratio of I -/Ru 3+ is increased. The Pd-Ru nanocages take an alloy structure, with the Ru atoms in the nano cages cr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd‐Ru Alloy Nanocages with a Face‐Centered Cubic Structure and Their Enhanced Activity toward the Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol

et al. 2020

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“…Recently, owing to their structural characteristics, LDMNs have become to be attractive for boosting HER. [161][162][163] For example, Zhu et al reported the synthesis of hollow 1D Ir-Ag nanotubes as efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting. [46] The as-obtained 1D hollow nanotube structures featured abundant active sites and channels, an Ir enriched surface, and porosity (Figure 17a,b).…”

Section: Hydrogen Evolution Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Metallic Nanomaterials for Advanced Electrocatalysis

Shang

Wang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

169

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The development of clean sustainable energy technologies has been significantly promoted by advances in electrocatalysts, especially for lowdimensional metallic nanomaterials (LDMNs), which have distinctive structural, physiochemical, and electronic properties, including a highly active surface area, efficient electron transfer, and rich surface unsaturated atoms. Recent advances have also revealed that surface engineering, interface engineering, and strain engineering for LDMNs can readily lead to increased surface active centers, strong synergistic effects, and electronic modulation, thus providing new approaches that greatly promote the electrocatalytic performance. In this review, the recent progress in LDMNs is highlighted in the context of their potential as electrocatalysts with superb performance for advanced electrocatalytic reactions. The latest achievements in their structural design, controllable synthesis, mechanistic understanding, and avenues for performance enhancement are illustrated. Strategies for controlled synthesis of high-quality LDMNs and discussed, and to boost the future development of LDMNs for energy-related conversion technology, future perspectives and potential challenges are also proposed.

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“…[15][16][17] To address this issue, previous efforts have focused on the design and synthesis of surface-modified Pt-based catalysts, such as via the Clavilier method, to promote the oxidation of CO ad , while the synthetic conditions are harsh and complex. [18][19][20][21] At present, increasing efforts have been aimed at designing Pt nanoparticles (NPs, size is larger than ≈3 nm) and nanoclusters (NCs, typical in the size range from 1 to 3 nm) with ultrafine size, so as to maximize the utilization of Pt and improve its electrocatalytic activity in DMFCs. [22][23][24] While downsizing Pt particle as well as decreasing its loading appear to be viable strategies, using conventional wet impregnation method with subsequent reduction treatment remains insufficient to simultaneously enhance the electrochemical activity and lower the cost.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/smtd202000265mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Radiation Synthesis of Ultrafine Platinum Nanoclusters toward Methanol Oxidation

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2020

Small Methods

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are considered as a promising candidate for portable electronic devices and small electric vehicles due to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. The operation of DMFCs requires efficient catalysts, especially on the anode to promote methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). To date, platinum has emerged as a chief contender for MOR. Unfortunately, most catalysts suffer from severe CO poisoning, which can passivate the catalytic surface and decrease the activity over time. Herein, a transient, thermal radiation method to synthesize ultrafine platinum nanoclusters (0.68 ± 0.13 nm) supported on carbon black (Pt NC/CB) is demonstrated. The sample demonstrates a great CO poisoning resistance and excellent activity toward MOR. The ultrafine platinum nanoclusters with increased active sites can promote the oxidation of CO at potential as low as 0.4 V. The Pt NC/CB displays an onset potential of 0.4 V and a peak current density of 1.30 mA cm−2ECSA (electrochemical active surface area), which is superior than that of reported catalysts (0.57–1.06 mA cm−2ECSA), while many of the catalysts are alloys involving noble metals. This work showcases an efficient method to prepare Pt nanoclusters with high MOR activity and great CO poisoning resistance.

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Platinum Group Nanowires for Efficient Electrocatalysis

Cited by 65 publications

References 135 publications

Pd‐Ru Alloy Nanocages with a Face‐Centered Cubic Structure and Their Enhanced Activity toward the Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol

Pd‐Ru Alloy Nanocages with a Face‐Centered Cubic Structure and Their Enhanced Activity toward the Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol

Low‐Dimensional Metallic Nanomaterials for Advanced Electrocatalysis

Thermal Radiation Synthesis of Ultrafine Platinum Nanoclusters toward Methanol Oxidation

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