Platinum utilization in proton exchange membrane fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cell - Review

Bandapati, Madhavi; Goel, Sanket; Krishnamurthy, Balaji

doi:10.5599/jese.665

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…For the proposed equation, the calculations were carried out using the values reported in Table 6: The surface area A S of the catalyst and this parameter depends on many aspects related to humidity, the porosity of the catalyst and the type of used material. From Madhavi et al [36] it can be deduced that the most suitable value for Nafion in our case is 8 m 2 •g −1 , from which a value for the cathode of 0.337 × 10 −4 A•cm −2 is obtained. The results of the simulations repeated using the exchange current density at cathode are shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Model Results With Improved Exchange Current Density Formula...mentioning

confidence: 50%

CFD Modelling of a Hydrogen/Air PEM Fuel Cell with a Serpentine Gas Distributor

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen-fueled fuel cells are considered one of the key strategies to tackle the achievement of fully-sustainable mobility. The transportation sector is paying significant attention to the development and industrialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) to be introduced alongside batteries, reaching the goal of complete de-carbonization. In this paper a multi-phase, multi-component, and non-isothermal 3D-CFD model is presented to simulate the fluid, heat, and charge transport processes developing inside a hydrogen/air PEMFC with a serpentine-type gas distributor. Model results are compared against experimental data in terms of polarization and power density curves, including an improved formulation of exchange current density at the cathode catalyst layer, improving the simulation results’ accuracy in the activation-dominated region. Then, 3D-CFD fields of reactants’ delivery to the active electrochemical surface, reaction rates, temperature distributions, and liquid water formation are analyzed, and critical aspects of the current design are commented, i.e., the inhomogeneous use of the active surface for reactions, limiting the produced current and inducing gradients in thermal and reaction rate distribution. The study shows how a complete multi-dimensional framework for physical and chemical processes of PEMFC can be used to understand limiting processes and to guide future development.

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Section: Model Results With Improved Exchange Current Density Formula...mentioning

confidence: 50%

CFD Modelling of a Hydrogen/Air PEM Fuel Cell with a Serpentine Gas Distributor

et al. 2021

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“…That is, reduction of Pt particle size below 2 nm lowers its specific activity and results in the pocketing of the particles inside the porous structure of the carbon support, rendering them inaccessible for catalyst reaction. Also, the metal particle smaller than 1 nm displays a very strong interaction with the carbon support and deviates its normal behaviour, thereby reduces the participation in electroactivity [23]. Finally, extremely small Pt nanoparticles have a high surface energy and are thermodynamically unstable, so they tend to grow into larger particles during a long-term PEMFC operation following two proposed mechanisms: Pt dissolution and redeposition (Ostward ripening), and Pt migration and coalescence.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

Sui

Zhang

2020

Nanoporous Materials for Molecule Separation and Conversion

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“…Fuel cells have been predicted to play a vital role in the hydrogen economy, as they offer significantly better energy efficiency with zero or minimal greenhouse gas emissions [1,2]. Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are a potential type of fuel cell for mobile applications due to their simple system fabrication and easy liquid fuel storage [3,4]. However, cost and slow methanol oxidation reaction limit the commercialization of DMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel Supported on Efficient Anode Electrocatalyst for Methanol Electrooxidation in Acid Media

et al. 2023

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This work attempted to improve the catalytic performance of an anodic catalyst for use in direct methanol fuel cells by coating graphene aerogel (GA) with platinum nanoparticles. A hydrothermal, freeze-drying, and microwave reduction method were used to load Pt–Ru bimetallic nanoparticles onto a graphene aerogel. The mesoporous structure of a graphene aerogel is expected to enhance the mass transfer in an electrode. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM described the as-synthesized PtRu/GA. Compared to commercial PtRu/C with the same loading (20%), the electrocatalytic performance of PtRu/GA presents superior stability in the methanol oxidation reaction. Furthermore, PtRu/GA offers an electrochemical surface area of 38.49 m2g−1, with a maximal mass activity/specific activity towards methanol oxidation of 219.78 mAmg−1/0.287 mAcm−2, which is higher than that of commercial PtRu/C, 73.11 mAmg−1/0.187 mAcm−2. Thus, the enhanced electrocatalytic performance of PtRu/GA for methanol oxidation proved that GA has excellent potential to improve the performance of Pt catalysts and tolerance towards CO poisoning.

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Platinum utilization in proton exchange membrane fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cell - Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

CFD Modelling of a Hydrogen/Air PEM Fuel Cell with a Serpentine Gas Distributor

CFD Modelling of a Hydrogen/Air PEM Fuel Cell with a Serpentine Gas Distributor

Nanoporous materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel Supported on Efficient Anode Electrocatalyst for Methanol Electrooxidation in Acid Media

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