Playful genes: what do we know about the epigenetics of play behaviour?

Sgro, Marissa; Mychasiuk, Richelle

doi:10.1080/21594937.2020.1720139

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Considering that 5-HT plays an important role in the induction of migraine attacks, it is possible that this reduced release of 5-HT increases CGRP levels, thereby increasing risk for persistent PTH [146]. Altered GABAergic neurotransmission due to reductions in certain gut bacteria can also influence pain development and persistence [147,148] via the vagus nerve [142]. The activation of N-methyld-aspartate receptors in response to mTBI results in further depolarization of the cell and influx of calcium ions [149].…”

Section: S Econdary He Adache Disorder S and The G B I A Xis: P Os T-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Making migraine easier to stomach: the role of the gut−brain−immune axis in headache disorders

Sgro

Ray

Foster

et al. 2023

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and PurposeHeadache disorders place a significant burden on the healthcare system, being the leading cause of disability in those under 50 years. Novel studies have interrogated the relationship between headache disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction, suggesting a link between the gut−brain−immune (GBI) axis and headache pathogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms driving the complex relationship between the GBI axis and headache disorders remain unclear, there is a growing appreciation that a healthy and diverse microbiome is necessary for optimal brain health.MethodsA literature search was performed through multiple reputable databases in search of Q1 journals within the field of headache disorders and gut microbiome research and were critically and appropriately evaluated to investigate and explore the following; the role of the GBI axis in dietary triggers of headache disorders and the evidence indicating that diet can be used to alleviate headache severity and frequency. The relationship between the GBI axis and post‐traumatic headache is then synthesized. Finally, the scarcity of literature regarding paediatric headache disorders and the role that the GBI axis plays in mediating the relationship between sex hormones and headache disorders are highlighted.ConclusionsThere is potential for novel therapeutic targets for headache disorders if understanding of the GBI axis in their aetiology, pathogenesis and recovery is increased.

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Section: S Econdary He Adache Disorder S and The G B I A Xis: P Os T-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Making migraine easier to stomach: the role of the gut−brain−immune axis in headache disorders

Sgro

Ray

Foster

et al. 2023

Euro J of Neurology

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“…Neuroscientists and social psychologists contend that social play, a critical activity that facilitates social skills, is likely regulated and influenced by complex genetic manifestations, environmental experiences, and psychosocial milestones throughout human development [29,30]. Some researchers further hypothesize that play can be influenced by the social-emotional experiences specific to an individual's learning, behavior, and development of knowledge and skills [31].…”

Section: A Developmental Lens To Understand Online Virtual Worldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connected Play in Virtual Worlds: Communication and Control Mechanisms in Virtual Worlds for Children and Adolescents

Grace

Jagannath

et al. 2021

MTI

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Technology plays an essential role in shaping youth’s communication and social interactions in online multiplayer games. Due to physical distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 global pandemic, online multiplayer games like Minecraft and Roblox are well-positioned to amplify healthy communication/social connections and mitigate the impact of social isolation. Research so far has been focused on how these gaming environments support youth development from the perspectives of individual stakeholders (e.g., caregivers, educators, designers, and developers). However, features of these games, such as communication and parental controls, are often misaligned with the ways in which children develop communication and social skills. Using a series of case studies of popular virtual worlds and online games, this paper provides an analysis of critical design features that serve youth throughout different stages of childhood and early adolescence. We offer three main contributions: (a) a comparison matrix of similarities and differences in communication and control features between platforms; (b) an evaluation of design features in selected virtual world platforms that promote safe and positive social interactions; and (c) a method for cross-platform comparison aimed at helping researchers, designers, and practitioners examine specific dimensions of social communication and play experience in virtual worlds.

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“…Play behaviour is an intrinsically rewarding activity that is abundant among the young of humans and most other mammalian species (Graham & Burghardt, 2010; Pellis & Pellis, 2009). It is typically expressed under safe circumstances in which individuals can experiment with their behaviour and develop motor, social, cognitive and emotional skills necessary for optimal functioning later in life (Gray, 2017; Nijhof et al, 2018; Pellis & Pellis, 2009; Sgro & Mychasiuk, 2020; Špinka et al, 2001). Importantly, when exploring and experimenting with behaviour, playful situations may entail risks, such as the risk of rejection, injury, or failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for risk‐taking during play alters cognitive performance and prefrontal inhibitory signalling in rats of both sexes

Bijlsma,

Birza,

Pimentel

et al. 2024

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Social play behaviour is a rewarding activity that can entail risks, thus allowing young individuals to test the limits of their capacities and to train their cognitive and emotional adaptability to challenges. Here, we tested in rats how opportunities for risk‐taking during play affect the development of cognitive and emotional capacities and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function, a brain structure important for risk‐based decision making. Male and female rats were housed socially or social play‐deprived (SPD) between postnatal day (P)21 and P42. During this period, half of both groups were daily exposed to a high‐risk play environment. Around P85, all rats were tested for cognitive performance and emotional behaviour after which inhibitory currents were recorded in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in mPFC slices. We show that playing in a high‐risk environment altered cognitive flexibility in both sexes and improved behavioural inhibition in males. High‐risk play altered anxiety‐like behaviour in the elevated plus maze in males and in the open field in females, respectively. SPD affected cognitive flexibility in both sexes and decreased anxiety‐like behaviour in the elevated plus maze in females. We found that synaptic inhibitory currents in the mPFC were increased in male, but not female, rats after high‐risk play, while SPD lowered prefrontal cortex (PFC) synaptic inhibition in both sexes. Together, our data show that exposure to risks during play affects the development of cognition, emotional behaviour and inhibition in the mPFC. Furthermore, our study suggests that the opportunity to take risks during play cannot substitute for social play behaviour.

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Playful genes: what do we know about the epigenetics of play behaviour?

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Making migraine easier to stomach: the role of the gut−brain−immune axis in headache disorders

Making migraine easier to stomach: the role of the gut−brain−immune axis in headache disorders

Connected Play in Virtual Worlds: Communication and Control Mechanisms in Virtual Worlds for Children and Adolescents

Opportunities for risk‐taking during play alters cognitive performance and prefrontal inhibitory signalling in rats of both sexes

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