Plebiscitary leader democracy in theory and in practice

Körösényi, András; Illés, Gábor; Gyulai, Attila

doi:10.4324/9780429053436-2

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Viktor Orbán, the current PM of Hungary emerged into a powerful position during his second premiership in 2010 when his party obtained a two-thirds majority of the Parliamentary seats. This enabled Orbán to eliminate constraints on his power: he has been criticized world-wide since then as a leader who abuses his power to build an authoritarian, “illiberal” democracy [ 14 ]. Here we showed that linguistic markers of hubris unique to and typical for HS have become more frequent in Orbán’s semi-spontaneous parliamentary speeches exactly in this period of unlimited political “success”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overconfidence and sense of invulnerability observed in leadership-behaviour, described originally in behavioural finance as hubris hypothesis [ 7 ], was suggested to lead to disadvantageous decisions and misjudgements or even unethical behaviour [ 8 – 11 ], even though some positive consequences have been pointed out recently [ 12 ]. Hubristic behaviour of political leaders has got into the spotlight with the recent rise of populism [ 13 , 14 ]. Based on the behavioural pattern and medical history of politicians, being spoiled by power has been conceptualized as an acquired personality disorder due to a sustained experience of excessive power [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orbán’s political behaviour and leadership style from his second term onwards (since 2010) is consistent with this idea, even though it is also true that when re-elected, he obtained a supermajority, which provided him excessive power. Since then, he is renowned for limiting challenges to his power by tampering with electoral laws and the constitution, constraining free speech and independent media, and eroding civil and human rights in Hungary [ 14 , 20 ]. In the past decade he has been regarded as an authoritarian populist leader at the far right of the political spectrum [ 14 ], on par with Erdogan in Turkey or Putin in Russia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, he is renowned for limiting challenges to his power by tampering with electoral laws and the constitution, constraining free speech and independent media, and eroding civil and human rights in Hungary [ 14 , 20 ]. In the past decade he has been regarded as an authoritarian populist leader at the far right of the political spectrum [ 14 ], on par with Erdogan in Turkey or Putin in Russia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hungarian hubris syndrome

Magyari

Pléh²,

Forgács

2022

PLoS ONE

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Powerful figures, such as politicians, who show a behavioural pattern of exuberant self-confidence, recklessness, and contempt for others may be the subject of the acquired personality disorder, the hubris syndrome, which has been demonstrated to leave its mark on speech patterns. Our study explores characteristic language patterns of Hungarian prime ministers (PMs) with a special emphasis on one of the key indicators of hubris, the shift from the first person “I” to “we” in spontaneous speech. We analyzed the ratio of the first-person singular (“I”) and plural (“we”) pronouns and verbal inflections in the spontaneous parliamentary speeches of four Hungarian PMs between 1998–2018. We found that Viktor Orbán during his second premiership (2010–2014) used first person plural relative to singular inflections more often than the other three PMs during their terms. Orbán and another Hungarian PM, Ferenc Gyurcsány, who were re-elected at some point showed an increased ratio of first-person plural vs. singular inflections and personal pronouns by their second term, likely reflecting increasing hubristic tendencies. The results show that the ratio of “I” and “we” usually studied in English texts also show changes in a structurally different language, Hungarian. This finding suggests that it is extended periods of premiership that may increase hubristic behaviour in political leaders, not only experiencing excessive power. The results are particularly elucidating regarding the role of re-elections in political leaders’ hubristic speech–and behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Hungarian hubris syndrome

Magyari

Pléh²,

Forgács

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…On referendum in authoritarian regimes: Collin 2019. Csillag -Szelényi 2015;Enyedi 2015Enyedi , 2016aGreskovits 2015;Kornai 2015), these accounts have usually not concerned themselves with giving an in -depth analysis of the series of national consultations, or they focused from the specific perspective of plebiscitary leader democracy (Körösényi et al 2020). Admittedly, some articles have been published which dealt with consultation processes in Hungary tangentially or at least partially (Gessler 2017;Csehi 2018;Bocskor 2018).…”

Section: Case Selection and Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Deliberation to Pure Mobilisation? The Case of National Consultations in Hungary

Pócza¹,

Oross

2022

Politics in Central Europe

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National or supranational consultations on general policy questions are unusual phenomena. Nevertheless, they seem to play an important role in the political life of the community either because they might be considered as rudimentary forms of deliberative practices or because they are important strategic tools in the hands of political actors. Given this salience of consultations from both normativedeliberative and descriptive-strategic perspectives, it is surprising that academic analyses of national consultations are scarce. This paper tries to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on one of the most wellknown examples of nation-wide consultations, the series of national consultations in Hungary. It aims to present why national consultations gradually lost their deliberative character and how they have been transformed into a strategic instrument for mobilising supporters.

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Collective Narcissism and Hungary’s Kin-State Policy after 2010

Hettyey

2023

Nationalities Papers

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This article analyzes Hungary’s kin-state policy starting from the premise that the concept of collective narcissism most succinctly captures its emotional foundations. I look to substantiate this claim by examining at a wide range of sources on how Hungary feels toward neighboring states and show the preponderance of emotions connected to collective narcissism. The real-life consequences of collective narcissism are demonstrated through a case study of the relationship between Hungary and Ukraine before and after the Russian attack of 2022. Overall, I find that anger is the master emotion of Hungary’s kin-state policy, resulting in a lack of solidarity and characteristic self-centeredness in Hungary’s foreign policy, which cannot be explained by rational factors alone.

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Plebiscitary leader democracy in theory and in practice

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The Hungarian hubris syndrome

The Hungarian hubris syndrome

From Deliberation to Pure Mobilisation? The Case of National Consultations in Hungary

Collective Narcissism and Hungary’s Kin-State Policy after 2010

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