Pleistocene Geology of Indiana and Michigan

“…Occasionally, natural or artificial sections and well logs were also studied by applying field criteria (color, description of texture, and the like). Because of the large areas investigated, a wealth of information was gathered, and presented in regional reports and maps (Winchell, 1872;Gilbert, 1871Gilbert, , 1873Chamberlin, 1883Chamberlin, , 1894Wright, 1889;Chamberlin and Leverett, 1894;Dryer, 1894;Leverett, 1895Leverett, , 1902Leverett, , 1931Coleman, 1901Coleman, , 1933Coleman, , 1937Coleman, , 1941Sherzer, 1902;Wilson, 1905;Taylor, 1913;Fairchild, 1909Fairchild, , 1932Goldthwait, 1910;Leverett and Taylor, 1915;Johnston, 1916;Malott, 1922;Thornbury, 1937;Deane, 1950;Chapman and Putnam, 1966;Hough, 1958Hough, , 1963Shepps and others, 1959;Zumberge, 1960;Von Engeln, 1961;others, 1961, 1965;Muller, 1965;and Wayne and Zumberge, 1965). The county reports and master's theses dealing with smaller areas, in Ohio and Indiana especially, are too numerous to be listed here.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wisconsin Glaciation in the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes

Dreimanis¹,

Goldthwait²

1973

Geological Society of America Memoirs

101

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The names of the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes imply that glaciers followed these lake depressions, but the flow patterns of these lobes were complex and changed several times during the Wisconsin glaciation. The sublobes of the southwestern part of the so-called Erie Lobe were more often an extension of the ice coming down Huron Basin, and ice from both basins participated in these sublobes. A review of the studies of Wisconsin-age deposits in the area of the three lobes indicates the emphasis that has been placed on investigations of tills by multiple methods, on paleontological studies of the interstadial and late-glacial deposits, and on radiocarbon dating. A threefold time-stratigraphic division of the Wisconsin Stage in this area is based upon synchronous fluctuations by several glacial lobes, and upon climatologic inferences from paleontologic studies. Early and late Wisconsin experienced maximum glacial advances; middle Wisconsin was dominated by interstadial retreats.The first Wisconsin glacial advance reached into the St. Lawrence Lowland only, and was followed by a glacial retreat during the St. Pierre Interstade about 65,000 radiocarbon yrs B.P. The second major glacial advance (by several lobes) went farther, but did not reach as 71

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“…Figure 9. Predicted lake-level isobases for the Algonquin (from Figure 8) and Nipissing lakes compared to reported hinge lines (Wayne and Zumberge, 1965). on July 7, 2015 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was first advocated by Goldthwait (1908) and used extensively by Leverett and Taylor (1915) and most subsequent workers (e.g., Hough, 1958;Wayne and Zumberge, 1965) in developing the lake history. Larsen (1987) has recently described the history of this idea and the factors leading to its acceptance by the geological community.…”

Section: The Hinge Line and Cruslal Stability Of The Lake Michigan Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially every glacial lake had a hinge associated with it, and in general these hinge lines for progressively younger lakes were displaced northward (Leverett and Taylor, 1915). In Figure 9 the reported hinge lines for the Algonquin and Nipissing shorelines (Wayne and Zumberge, 1965) are compared to the predicted Algonquin and Nipissing isobases that are at the Lake Michigan level. On the east side of Lake Michigan there is remarkable agreement between the positions of the hinge lines and the respective lake-level isobases.…”

Section: Predicted Isobases and Hinge Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical model of glacial isostasy in the Lake Michigan basin

Clark

Pranger

Walsh

et al. 1990

Geological Society of America Special Papers

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A numerical model of a spherical viscoelastic self-gravitating Earth has been used to predict the glacio-isostatic deformation of the Lake Michigan basin during late-glacial and postglacial times. Predictions of present rate of vertical movement agree well in trend but slightly exceed in magnitude the observed rate of tilting indicated by lake-level gauges. Predicted uplift curves for the four dominant outlets controlling the ancestral lakes of the Lake Michigan basin indicate an outlet chronology comparable to that proposed by glacial geologists despite the fact that the Chicago and Port Huron outlets are not predicted to be stable as is commonly believed. Predictions of tilting of the Algonquin shoreline match observations north of the Algonquin hinge line, but the predicted shoreline plunges below the present level of Lake Michigan at the hinge line location. In opposition to the commonly held belief in crustal stability south of the Algonquin hinge line, the predictions indicate considerable vertical movement there continuing to the present. If the predictions are correct, the subhorizontal shorelines south of the hinge line have been misinterpreted because the Glenwood shoreline, reported to be subhorizontal there, is predicted to be strongly tilted. Alternatively, correct interpretation of this shoreline implies serious deficiencies in the assumed icesheet history or Earth rheology used as input to the model.

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Pleistocene Geology of Indiana and Michigan

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Late-Glacial and Early Holocene Vegetational History at the Kolarik Mastodon Site, Northwestern Indiana

Late-Glacial and Early Holocene Vegetational History at the Kolarik Mastodon Site, Northwestern Indiana

Wisconsin Glaciation in the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes

A numerical model of glacial isostasy in the Lake Michigan basin

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