Pleistocene Grey Kangaroos from the Fossil Chamber of Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia

Easton, L. C.

doi:10.1080/3721426.2006.10887045

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Linear measurements were made for premolars and molars of adult individuals using Mitutoyo digital calipers and included: maximum length, anterior width (maximum width across anterior root) and posterior width (maximum width across posterior root) for premolars, and maximum length, anterior width (maximum width across trigon/trigonid) and posterior width (maximum width across talon/ talonid) for molars. This approach is consistent with numerous other morphometric dental studies of not only koalas (e.g., Bartholomai 1968;Price 2008b;Pledge 2010), but marsupials in general (e.g., Freedman 1967;Freedman & Joffe 1967a, 1967bBartholomai 1971;Price 2002Price , 2005Price , 2008aEaston 2006;Black & Hand 2010) and allows for direct comparison of results between respective investigations. Both upper (n = 49) and lower (n = 70) dentitions were measured.…”

Section: Quantitative Analysessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Among extant marsupials, analyses of both qualitative and quantitative dental variation have been investigated in species of Perameles (Peramelidae; e.g., Freedman 1967;Freedman & Joffe 1967a, 1967b, Macropus (Macropodidae; e.g., Bartholomai 1971;Easton 2006), and the Patagonian opossum Lestodelphys halli (Didelphidae; e.g., Martin 2005). Studies of variation in fossil marsupials are few owing to the relative paucity of fossil samples from single localities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding morphological variation in the extant koala as a framework for identification of species boundaries in extinct koalas (Phascolarctidae; Marsupialia)

Black

Louys

Price

2013

Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

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Further, we describe a partial cranium of a new species of koala from early Miocene sediments in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northern Australia. Litokoala dicksmithi n. sp. is the fifth koala species recorded from the diverse rainforest assemblages of Riversleigh and the third species referred to the Oligo-Miocene genus Litokoala. Aspects of cranial morphology, including a shortened robust rostrum and broad, irregular nasal aperture, confirm placement of Litokoala as sister-taxon to the modern genus Phascolarctos. Relatively large orbits and small body size suggest the possibility that L. dicksmithi was nocturnal, had enhanced visual acuity, and was a more agile arboreal species than the relatively sedentary extant koala.

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Section: Quantitative Analysessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding morphological variation in the extant koala as a framework for identification of species boundaries in extinct koalas (Phascolarctidae; Marsupialia)

Black

Louys

Price

2013

Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

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“…However, Macropus titan Owen, 1838 inhabited a similar niche (Poole, 1982), was synonymised with the extant taxon M. giganteus by Dawson and Flannery (1985), and has since been treated as a synonymous giant Pleistocene morph (e.g. Roberts et al, 2001;Easton, 2006; ) Helgen et al, 2006;Webb, 2008Webb, , 2009. Given that the taxonomic distinction of M. titan has not yet been established through rigorous taxonomic or biomolecular analysis, we regard it as a junior synonym of M. giganteus and not as an extinct taxon (species or subspecies) until such an analysis is undertaken.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Tasmanian Marsupial Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Man and megafauna in Tasmania: closing the gap

Gillespie

Camens

Worthy

et al. 2012

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Recent discussion on the late Pleistocene extinction of the Australian megafauna has revolved around interpretation of several key fossil sites in Tasmania. It has been suggested that humans did not arrive in Tasmania until after the megafauna became extinct, or did not hunt now extinct megafauna, and therefore that humans cannot be implicated in the extinctions. Radiocarbon results from these sites indicate that the youngest extinct megafauna are close to charcoal ages from the oldest archaeological deposits, although difficulties have arisen in establishing chronologies because most relevant sites have ages near the limit for radiocarbon analysis.We report a series of new radiocarbon ages, d 13 C, d 15 N and C:N ratios on collagen and dentine fractions from skeletal remains in the Mount Cripps karst area and the Mowbray Swamp, both in northwestern Tasmania, and discuss the reliability of ages from these and other sites. We also report the discovery of an articulated Simosthenurus occidentalis skeleton at Mt Cripps, that represents only the second directlydated extinct megafaunal taxon with a reliable age <50 ka cal BP from Tasmania.Our results suggest that C:N ratios measured on collagen or dentine are not an infallible guide to radiocarbon age reliability. We confirm previous reports of a temporal overlap between the megafaunal and archaeological records in Tasmania, but the presence of archaeological evidence and megafauna with the same age at the same site has not yet been demonstrated. At least two megafaunal taxadthe nowextinct Protemnodon anak and a giant Pleistocene form of the extant Macropus giganteusdwere still present in Tasmania after 43 ka, when human crossing of the Bassian landbridge from mainland Australia first became sustainable.

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“…Among Madtsoiidae, small Late Cretaceous and Paleogene taxa such as Adinophis , Alamitophis , Australophis , Patagoniophis , Herensugea , Nanowana , and Nidophis (Albino, 1986, 1994, 2000, 2007; Rage, 1996; Scanlon, 1997, 2005; Vasile et al, 2013; Pritchard et al, 2014), are markedly smaller, with an estimated body length of less than 2 meters, and most of them have more elongate vertebrae. In contrast, the wide and short, large-sized vertebrae of Powellophis resembles medium-sized taxa such as Rionegrophis , Madtsoia camposi , Menarana nosymena , and Sanajeh (Albino, 1986, 2007; Rage, 1998; LaDuke et al, 2010; Wilson et al, 2010), which are estimated between 2 and 4 meters in length, and large-sized to gigantic taxa that exceed 4 meters in length such as Gigantophis , Wonambi naracoortensis , Menarana laurasiae , Yurlunggur , Eomadtsoia , Platyspondylophis , and remaining species of Madtsoia (Simpson, 1933; Smith, 1976; Scanlon, 1992; Rage, 1996; Scanlon and Lee, 2000; LaDuke et al, 2010; Mohabey et al, 2011; Rio and Mannion, 2017; Smith et al, 2016; Gómez et al, 2019). The narrow and well-demarcated hemal keel of Powellophis and the lack of diapophyses extending laterally beyond the limit of the prezygapophyses, clearly distinguishes it from those taxa, except the older Eomadtsoia (Late Cretaceous of Patagonia).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new madtsoiid snake from the Paleogene of South America (northwestern Argentina), based on an articulated postcranial skeleton

Garberoglio

Triviño

Albino

2022

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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The Madtsoiidae are an extinct lineage of snakes known from the Late Cretaceous to the Late Pleistocene, with a rich fossil record distributed mainly across Gondwanan landmasses. However, only a few taxa are represented by cranial or articulated remains, and most madtsoiids are known only by isolated vertebrae. The unambiguous record of Madtsoiidae from the Cenozoic in South America had been restricted to the genus Madtsoia from Eocene and Oligocene deposits of Patagonia and Brazil. Here, we describe a new madtsoiid taxon, Powellophis andina gen. et sp. nov., based on an articulated postcranial skeleton from the Mealla Formation (middle-late Paleocene) in northwestern Argentina. The new taxon is estimated to be around 3 meters long, with a vertebral morphology sharing similar features with other midto-large forms. Its inclusion in a recent analysis of madtsoiid relationships recovers Powellophis as an early member of a clade formed by mostly large bodied and gigantic taxa. Its presence in the Paleocene of northwestern Argentina fills the gap between the diverse Late Cretaceous and Eocene-Oligocene records of madtsoiids in South America, confirms their presence in northern Gondwana by the early Paleogene, and expands the diversity of the group. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65174FD6-2827-44E0-A7D4-E0EE1404F4A6 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA-Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP.

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Pleistocene Grey Kangaroos from the Fossil Chamber of Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Understanding morphological variation in the extant koala as a framework for identification of species boundaries in extinct koalas (Phascolarctidae; Marsupialia)

Understanding morphological variation in the extant koala as a framework for identification of species boundaries in extinct koalas (Phascolarctidae; Marsupialia)

Man and megafauna in Tasmania: closing the gap

A new madtsoiid snake from the Paleogene of South America (northwestern Argentina), based on an articulated postcranial skeleton

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