Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe

Posth, Cosimo; Renaud, Gabriel; Mittnik, Alissa; Drucker, Dorothée G.; Rougier, Hélène; Cupillard, Christophe; Valentin, Frédérique; Thevenet, Corinne; Furtwängler, Anja; Wißing, Christoph; Francken, Michael; Malina, Maria; Bolus, Michael; Lari, Martina; Gigli, Elena; Capecchi, Giulia; Crevecœur, Isabelle; Beauval, Cédric; Flas, Damien; Germonpré, Mietje; Plicht, Johannes van der; Cottiaux, Richard; Gély, Bernard; Ronchitelli, Annamaria; Wehrberger, K; Grigorescu, Dan; Svoboda, Jiřı́; Semal, Patrick; Caramelli, David; Bocherens, Hervé; Harvati, Katerina; Conard, Nicholas J.; Haak, Wolfgang; Powell, Adam C.; Krause, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.022

Cited by 42 publications

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“…Our data also suggest that a genetic turnover took place immediately before the LGM across mid-latitude Europe, where a mixture (Cooper et al, 2015). Interestingly, a similar turnover in mitochondrial diversity has been identified for humans in Europe around this time (Posth et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A possible indication of an underlying large-scale event is the temporal gap between c. 27,600 and 31,600 cal. Interestingly, a similar turnover in mitochondrial diversity has been identified for humans in Europe around this time (Posth et al, 2016). Direct causes behind this pattern are difficult to establish, but this time period was notable for several genetic turnovers and extinctions observed in other European species (Cooper et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Genetic turnovers and northern survival during the last glacial maximum in European brown bears

Ersmark

Baryshnikov

Higham

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The current phylogeographic pattern of European brown bears (Ursus arctos) has commonly been explained by postglacial recolonization out of geographically distinct refugia in southern Europe, a pattern well in accordance with the expansion/contraction model. Studies of ancient DNA from brown bear remains have questioned this pattern, but have failed to explain the glacial distribution of mitochondrial brown bear clades and their subsequent expansion across the European continent. We here present 136 new mitochondrial sequences generated from 346 remains from Europe, ranging in age between the Late Pleistocene and historical times. The genetic data show a high Late Pleistocene diversity across the continent and challenge the strict confinement of bears to traditional southern refugia during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The mitochondrial data further suggest a genetic turnover just before this time, as well as a steep demographic decline starting in the mid‐Holocene. Levels of stable nitrogen isotopes from the remains confirm a previously proposed shift toward increasing herbivory around the LGM in Europe. Overall, these results suggest that in addition to climate, anthropogenic impact and inter‐specific competition may have had more important effects on the brown bear's ecology, demography, and genetic structure than previously thought.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Genetic turnovers and northern survival during the last glacial maximum in European brown bears

Ersmark

Baryshnikov

Higham

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…3,4 Nonetheless, the effect of these humans on the pre-existing European genetic pool and how their culture expanded remains unclear. 5,6 Based on genetic data of current populations, the Franco-Cantabrian region (south-western Europe) appears as a keystone in the post-glacial settlement of the European continent. 1,[7][8][9] Even though human remains of pre-Neolithic period are very scarce, archaeological data from this region, such as abundant cultural records of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer human groups living during the Last Glacial Maximum, suggest that this was the most densely populated European region along the Upper Palaeolithic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient mitochondrial lineages support the prehistoric maternal root of Basques in Northern Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2017

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The Basque population inhabits the Franco-Cantabrian region in southwest Europe where Palaeolithic human groups took refuge during the Last Glacial Maximum. Basques have been an isolated population, largely considered as one of the most ancient European populations and it is possible that they maintained some pre-Neolithic genetic characteristics. This work shows the results of mitochondrial DNA analysis of seven ancient human remains from the Cave of Santimamiñe in the Basque Country dated from Mesolithic to the Late Roman period. In addition, we compared these data with those obtained from a modern sample of Basque population, 158 individuals that nowadays inhabits next to the cave. The results support the hypothesis that Iberians might have been less affected by the Neolithic mitochondrial lineages carried from the Near East than populations of Central Europe and revealed the unexpected presence of prehistoric maternal lineages such as U5a2a and U3a in the Basque region. Comparison between ancient and current population samples upholds the hypothesis of continuity of the maternal lineages in the area of the Franco-Cantabrian region.

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“…The topology of the HSV-2 phylogeny is compatible with an African origin of HSV-2. In addition, the time to the most recent common ancestor of the worldwide lineage (excluding the recombinant HSV-2v isolate v9) is 34 ky (95% HPD: 29-39 ky), which follows the single dispersal event from which all nonAfrican human populations descended (Posth et al 2016). Therefore, it seems plausible that, following …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient recombination events between human herpes simplex viruses

Burrel

Boutolleau

Ryu

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are seen as close relatives but also unambiguously considered as evolutionary independent units. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 18 HSV-2 isolates characterized by divergent UL30 gene sequences to further elucidate the evolutionary history of this virus. Surprisingly, genome-wide recombination analyses showed that all HSV-2 genomes sequenced to date contain HSV-1 fragments. Using phylogenomic analyses, we could also show that two main HSV-2 lineages exist. One lineage is mostly restricted to subSaharan Africa whereas the other has reached a global distribution. Interestingly, only the worldwide lineage is characterized by ancient recombination events with HSV-1. Our findings highlight the complexity of HSV-2 evolution, a virus of putative zoonotic origin which later recombined with its human-adapted relative. They also suggest that coinfections with HSV-1 and 2 may have genomic and potentially functional consequences and should therefore be monitored more closely.

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Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic turnovers and northern survival during the last glacial maximum in European brown bears

Genetic turnovers and northern survival during the last glacial maximum in European brown bears

Ancient mitochondrial lineages support the prehistoric maternal root of Basques in Northern Iberian Peninsula

Ancient recombination events between human herpes simplex viruses

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