Pleural cryptococcosis in AIDS—Unusual presentation

Jain, Neeraj; Duggal, Lalit; Malhotra, Sharad; Sharma, Abha; Garg, Ambuj

doi:10.1016/j.rmedx.2007.05.003

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The incidence of primary cerebral nocardiosis in the absence of extraneural involvement ranges from 5 to 33%, while secondary CNS involvement, caused by a spectrum of underlying diseases, occurs in 15-44% of patients [8,11,12]. The clinical presentations of patients with CNS nocardiosis are non-specific but headache, fever, altered mental state, seizures, visual changes and nausea and vomiting have been reported in >20% of cases globally [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Nocardial Brain Abscesses in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Na¹,

Ramdial²,

Miles³

et al. 2016

J AIDS Clin Res

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Nocardiosis is relatively uncommon in children and adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), despite the profound associated cellular immunodeficiency. Acquired most often by inhalation and less commonly by percutaneous inoculation, subsequent hematogenous dissemination may lead to infection of almost any organ, with a particular predilection for the central nervous system. Nocardial brain abscesses are rare. To the best of our knowledge, pediatric Nocardial brain abscesses have not been documented in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected children in the English-language literature, to date. In reporting two Nocardial brain abscesses in a 9 year old AIDS patient with intermittent seizures, we highlight the difficulty associated with the ante-mortem diagnosis of Nocardial brain abscesses, and the need for cognizance of rare entities occurring in HIV-infected children. Furthermore, we emphasize the pivotal role of the autopsy in finalizing the nature of the cerebral pathology, the cause of the seizures albeit post-mortem, a cause of death and in providing a platform for continued learning in the AIDS era.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Nocardial Brain Abscesses in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Na¹,

Ramdial²,

Miles³

et al. 2016

J AIDS Clin Res

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“…Pregnant women are at high risk for severe COVID-19, and, unfortunately, vaccine hesitancy and misinformation are still prominent in this at-risk population [7,8]. Studies showed a significant reduction of hospitalization or death after early mAb treatment [9,10]. Survival benefits were…”

Section: Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

New diagnosis of HIV with Cryptococcus neoformans infection presenting as a pleural syndrome

Longhitano

Woolley

Upjohn

et al. 2022

Aids

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Pleural fluid secondary to pulmonary cryptococcal infection: a case report and review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Background Pulmonary Cryptococcosis (PC) is diagnosed with increasing incidence in recent years, but it does not commonly involve the pleural space. Here, we report a HIV-negative case with advanced stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with radiation therapy presented with dyspnea, a new PET-positive lung mass and bilateral pleural effusion suspecting progressive cancer. However, the patient has been diagnosed as pulmonary cryptococcal infection and successfully treated with oral fluconazole therapy. Case presentation A 77-year-old male with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with combined chemo-radiation therapy who presented with progressive dyspnea, a new PET-positive left lower lobe lung mass and bilateral pleural effusions. Initial diagnostic thoracentesis and bronchoscopy yielded no cancer, but instead found yeast forms consistent with cryptococcal organisms in the transbronchial biopsies of the left lower lobe lung mass. Subsequent to this, the previously collected pleural fluid culture showed growth of Cryptococcus neoformans . The same sample of pleural effusion was tested and was found to be positive for crytococcal antigen (CrAg) by a lateral flow assay (LFA). The patient has been treated with oral fluconazole therapy resulting in gradual resolution of the nodular infiltrates. Conclusion PC should be considered in immunosuppressed cancer patients. Additionally, concomitant pleural involvement in pulmonary cryptococcal infections may occur. The incidence of false positive 18 FDG-PET scans in granulomatous infections and the use of CrAg testing in pleural fluid to aid in diagnosis are reviewed.

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Pleural cryptococcosis in AIDS—Unusual presentation

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Pediatric Nocardial Brain Abscesses in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Pediatric Nocardial Brain Abscesses in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

New diagnosis of HIV with Cryptococcus neoformans infection presenting as a pleural syndrome

Pleural fluid secondary to pulmonary cryptococcal infection: a case report and review of the literature

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