Pleurotus sajor-caju-Mediated Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Active against Colon Cancer Cell Lines: A New Era of Herbonanoceutics

Abstract

<jats:p>Herbal medicines are widely used worldwide and much appreciated because of their fewer side effects and the ability to fight diseases at the root cause. Active ‘phyto’ ingredients require a scientific approach and a mechanism to distribute components at the target site for better therapeutic results. Nanotechnology, on the other hand, has created new hope for cancer treatment but is still far from being proven in clinical settings. This article combines a unique approach to synthesis with the use of Pleurotus sajor-caju, followed by microwave irritation of silver and gold nanoparticles that ensures the capping of the active phyto ingredient and further enhances the effects of nanomedicine to fight colon cancer, thus opening a new era of what we call herbonanoceutics. The article also compares the characteristics and properties of silver (Au) and gold (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized by an in house developed novel microwave-assisted rapid green synthesis method. The as-prepared Ag NPs and Au NPs were compared using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our comparative study revealed that both assemblies display face-centred cubic structures (FCCs) and are nanocrystalline in nature. The advantage of the approach was that the sizes of gold and silver were identical in range with a similar distribution pattern. This has helped us to study the activity against colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) without incoherence since size plays a key role in the application. More specifically, morphological changes, cell viability, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the fragmentation of DNA have been further reported to assess better the results obtained with the two metals. Our results suggest that the newly adopted synthesis method may ensure the dual benefits from phyto ingredients which further enhances the effectiveness of advanced nanomedicine.</jats:p>

Tannic Acid-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Used in Biomedical Application as an Effective Antimelioidosis and Prolonged Efflux Pump Inhibitor against Melioidosis Causative Pathogen

“…The silver element composition in AgNPs was confirmed by EDX, revealing a major peak at around 3 keV [ 22 ]. From Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurement, we found that the hydrodynamic diameter of AgNPs was greater than the average size observed from TEM due to the solvent and stabilizer layers present around the AgNPs’ surface [ 34 ]. The negative zeta potential of −43.9 mV ( Figure 2 b) proved the high stability of AgNPs due to the electrostatic repulsion of NPs in the solution [ 24 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Pro-Health and Anti-Cancer Activity of Fungal Fractions Isolated from Milk-Supplemented Cultures of Lentinus (Pleurotus) Sajor-caju

“…Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of L. sajorcaju extracts were demonstrated by Finimundy et al: the extract decreased the viability of HCT-116 cells, induced apoptosis, and affected the cell cycle, leading to its arrest in the G2/M phase [50]. Chaturvedi et al reported similar results revealing cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of PSC water extract on HCT-116 cells [51]. The fungus was studied on other models, as well, and was shown to affect human cervical cancer HEp-2 and HeLa cells [47], breast cancer MCF-7 and non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells [48], and human gastric cancer (AGS) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) [49].…”

Potential Usage of Edible Mushrooms and Their Residues to Retrieve Valuable Supplies for Industrial Applications

“…At dilutions ranging from 10 to 30 g mL −1 , AuNPs derived from Pleurotus florida extract by photo-irradiation demonstrated dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines (A-549, K-562, HeLa and MDA-MB) [109]. Chaturvedi et al [110] investigated cytotoxicity and observed that AgNPs and AuNPs formed by Pleurotus sajor-caju extract (PS) were effective against the HCT-116 cancer cell line. HCT-116 cancer cell viability was inhibited by P. sajor-caju extract, AuNPs and AgNPs, with IC 50 values of 60, 80 and 50 g mL −1 , respectively.…”