PlexinA4 distribution in the adult rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia

Gutekunst, Claire Anne; Stewart, Eric N.; Franz, Colin K.; English, Arthur W.; Gross, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.03.002

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…In two previous studies we described the expression of PlexinA4 in the adult brain and spinal cord suggesting a role beyond the early stages of development (Gutekunst, Stewart et al 2010; Gutekunst, Stewart et al 2012). Here we provide the first description of PlexinA4 distribution in the adult rat cranial nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The specificity of the antibodies used in this study has been extensively described in our previous studies (Gutekunst, Stewart et al 2010; Gutekunst, Stewart et al 2012). PlexinA4 is detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody that was raised against a synthetic 16 amino acid peptide derived from within residues 500–600 of mouse PlexinA4, identical to that of rat PlexinA4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We showed previously that PleinxA4 is present in the olfactory bulb of the adult rat where it is expressed by the mitral cells and can be seen in axons of the lateral olfactory tract (Gutekunst, Stewart et al 2012). The optic nerves (2n), consisting of axons from the retinal ganglion cells, converge in the optic chiasm at the base of the brain where information from the nasal half of each retina crosses over (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently described the protein expression of PlexinA4 in the brain and spinal cord of the adult rat (Gutekunst, Stewart et al 2010; Gutekunst, Stewart et al 2012). PlexinA4 is known to participate in the development of various cranial nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plexin a4 expression in adult rat cranial nerves

Gutekunst

Gross

2014

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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PlexinsA1–A4 participate in class 3 semaphorin signaling as co-receptors to neuropilin 1 and 2. PlexinA4 is the latest member of the PlexinA subfamily to be identified. In previous studies, we described the expression of PlexinA4 in the brain and spinal cord of the adult rat. Here, antibodies to PlexinA4 were used to reveal immunolabeling in most of the cranial nerve surveyed. Labeling was found in the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves. This is the first detailed description of the cellular and subcellular distribution of PlexinA4 in the adult cranial nerves. The findings will set the basis for future studies on the potential role of PlexinA4 in regeneration and repair of the adult central and peripheral nervous system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plexin a4 expression in adult rat cranial nerves

Gutekunst

Gross

2014

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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“…7). High levels of Plexin A4 have been previously demonstrated in the lumbosacral region (Mauti et al, 2006) and in rat sciatic nerve (L4–L6) for DRG (Gutekunst et al, 2012). Plexin A2 has also been identified as a potential Sema6A suppressing receptor (Suto et al, 2007) and expression has been reported to be more prominent rostrally in DRG, with lumbosacral DRG showing only a subset of cells expressing the receptor (Mauti et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Sensory axon guidance with semaphorin 6A and nerve growth factor in a biomimetic choice point model

et al. 2014

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The direct effect of guidance cues on developing and regenerating axons in vivo is not fully understood, as the process involves a multiplicity of attractive and repulsive signals, presented both as soluble and membrane-bound ligands. A better understanding of axon guidance is critical to functional recovery following injury to the nervous system through improved outgrowth and mapping of damaged nerves. Due to their implications as inhibitors to CNS regeneration, we investigated the repulsive properties of Semaphorin 6A and Ephrin-B3 on E15 rat dorsal root ganglion explants, as well as possible interactions with soluble gradients of chemoattractive nerve growth factor. We employed a 3D biomimetic in vitro choice point model, which enabled the simple and rapid preparation of patterned gel growth matrices with quantifiable presentation of guidance cues in a specifiable manner that resembles the in vivo presentation of soluble and/or immobilized ligands. Neurites demonstrated an inhibitory response to immobilized Sema6A by lumbosacral DRG explants, while no such repulsion was observed for immobilized Ephrin-B3 by explants at any spinal level. Interestingly, Sema6A inhibition could be partially attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner through the simultaneous presentation of soluble NGF gradients. The in vitro model described herein represents a versatile and valuable investigative tool in the quest for understanding developmental processes and improving regeneration following nervous system injury.

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Normal development of spinal axons in early embryo stages and posterior locomotor function is independent of GAL‐1

Pasquini

Barrantes

Quintá

2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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It was recently described that Galectin-1 (Gal-1) promotes axonal growth after spinal cord injury. This effect depends on protein dimerization, since monomeric Gal-1 fails to stimulate axonal re-growth. Gal-1 is expressed in vivo at concentrations that favor the monomeric species. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether endogenous Gal-1 is required for spinal axon development and normal locomotor behavior in mice. In order to characterize axonal development, we used a novel combination of 3-DISCO technique with 1-photon microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy under high power LED illumination, followed by serial image section deconvolution and 3-D reconstruction. Cleared whole lgals-1 embryos were used to analyze the 3-D cytoarchitecture of motor, commissural, and sensory axons. This approach allowed us to evaluate axonal development, including the number of fibers, fluorescence density of the fiber tracts, fiber length as well as the morphology of axonal sprouting, deep within the tissue. Gal-1 deficient embryos did not show morphological/anatomical alterations in any of the axonal populations and parameters analyzed. In addition, specific guidance receptor PlexinA4 did not change its axonal localization in the absence of Gal-1. Finally, Gal-1 deficiency did not change normal locomotor activity in post-natal animals. Taken together, our results show that development of spinal axons as well as the locomotor abilities observed in adult mice are independent of Gal-1. Supporting our previous observations, the present study further validates the use of lgals-1 mice to develop spinal cord- or traumatic brain injury models for the evaluation of the regenerative action of Gal-1.

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PlexinA4 distribution in the adult rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Plexin a4 expression in adult rat cranial nerves

Plexin a4 expression in adult rat cranial nerves

Sensory axon guidance with semaphorin 6A and nerve growth factor in a biomimetic choice point model

Normal development of spinal axons in early embryo stages and posterior locomotor function is independent of GAL‐1

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