Plicidentine in the oral fangs of parrotfish (Scarinae, Labriformes)

Viviani, Jérémie; LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.; Rurua, Vahine; Mou, Teiva; Liao, Vetea; Lecchini, David; Galzin, René; Viriot, Laurent

doi:10.1111/joa.13673

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This diet likely induces the endogenous de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids and elongated chains, contributing to lipid and energy metabolism through the lipid and atherosclerosis pathway [103,104]. At the same time, the mineral absorption pathway may promote the mineral utilization and metabolism of parrotfish for algae and debris scraped off the surface of coral reefs [11,13]. The processing of ABC transporters and proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, as the most basic biological process in body function, involves the transport of many kinds of molecules.…”

Section: Enrichment Of Expansion and Contraction Gene Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corals and algae share similar ecological niches, and the excavation of algae can increase corals' light exposure [11]. The ingested material is processed in the pharynx, where three dentate pharyngeal bones, located at the back of the throat, work in conjunction with a special type of monophyodont dentine unique to parrotfish (characterized by pulp filled with alveolar bone), effectively grinding the food into a fine paste [12,13]. This mechanical breakdown promotes the digestion of algal nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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De Novo Genome Assembly of the Whitespot Parrotfish (Scarus forsteni): A Valuable Scaridae Genomic Resource

Liang,

Xian,

Pan

et al. 2024

Genes

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Scarus forsteni, a whitespot parrotfish from the Scaridae family, is a herbivorous fish inhabiting coral reef ecosystems. The deterioration of coral reefs has highly affected the habitats of the parrotfish. The decline in genetic diversity of parrotfish emphasizes the critical importance of conserving their genetic variability to ensure the resilience and sustainability of marine ecosystems for future generations. In this study, a genome of S. forsteni was assembled de novo through using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing. The 1.71-Gb genome of S. forsteni, was assembled into 544 contigs (assembly level: contig). It exhibited an N50 length of 17.97 Mb and a GC content percentage of 39.32%. Our BUSCO analysis revealed that the complete protein of the S. forsteni genome had 98.10% integrity. Combined with structure annotation data, 34,140 (74.81%) genes were functionally annotated out of 45,638 predicted protein-coding genes. Upon comparing the genome size and TE content of teleost fishes, a roughly linear relationship was observed between these two parameters. However, TE content is not a decisive factor in determining the genome size of S. forsteni. Population history analysis results indicate that S. forsteni experienced two major population expansions, both of which occurred before the last interglacial period. In addition, through a comparative genomic analysis of the evolutionary relationship of other species, it was found that S. forsteni had the closest relationship with Cheilinus undulatus, another member of the Labridae family. Our expansion and contraction analysis of the gene family showed that the expansion genes were mainly associated with immune diseases, organismal systems, and cellular processes. At the same time, cell transcription and translation, sex hormone regulation, and other related pathways were also more prominent in the positive selection genes. The genomic sequence of S. forsteni offers valuable resources for future investigations on the conservation, evolution, and behavior of fish species.

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Section: Enrichment Of Expansion and Contraction Gene Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Whitespot Parrotfish (Scarus forsteni): A Valuable Scaridae Genomic Resource

Liang,

Xian,

Pan

et al. 2024

Genes

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Beaks promote rapid morphological diversification along distinct evolutionary trajectories in labrid fishes (Eupercaria: Labridae)

Evans,

Larouche,

Gartner

et al. 2023

Evolution

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The upper and lower jaws of some wrasses (Eupercaria: Labridae) possess teeth that have been coalesced into a strong durable beak that they use to graze on hard coral skeletons, hard-shelled prey, and algae, allowing many of these species to function as important ecosystem engineers in their respective marine habitats. While the ecological impact of the beak is well-understood, questions remain about its evolutionary history and the effects of this innovation on the downstream patterns of morphological evolution. Here we analyze 3D cranial shape data in a phylogenetic comparative framework and use paleoclimate modeling to reconstruct the evolution of the labrid beak across 205 species. We find that wrasses evolved beaks three times independently, once within odacines, and twice within parrotfishes in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. We find an increase in the rate of shape evolution in the Scarus+Chlorurus+Hipposcarus (SCH) clade of parrotfishes likely driven by the evolution of the intramandibular joint. Paleoclimate modeling shows that the SCH clade of parrotfishes rapidly morphologically diversified during the middle Miocene. We hypothesize that possession of a beak in the SCH clade coupled with favorable environmental conditions allowed these species to rapidly morphologically diversify.

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Environmental sex reversal in parrotfish does not cause differences in the structure of their gut microbial communities

Dai,

Wang,

Qiu

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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Parrotfish are a common fish in coral reef areas, but little is known about their gut microbial communities. In addition, parrotfish are capable of sex reversal, usually some males are sexually reversed from females, and it is still not known whether this sex reversal leads to significant changes in gut microbial communities. In this study, we investigated the gut microbial communities of three species of parrotfish including Scarus forsteni (4 females and 4 sex-reversed males), Scarus ghobban (5 females and 5 sex-reversed males), and Hipposcarus longiceps (5 females and 5 sex-reversed males) by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The gut microbial communities of these three species were mainly composed of Pseudomonadota (class Gammaproteobacteria) and Bacillota, while at the family level, they mainly included Vibrionaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcacea, and Erwiniaceae. Although at the genus level, there were a large number of unclassified lineages, the remaining gut microorganisms were mainly composed of Vibrio, Photobacterium, Enterococcus and Lactococcus. Furthermore, we did not find significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the female parrotfish and corresponding female reversed males within each species, even in terms of the structure of gut microbial functional information obtained from 16 S rRNA gene sequence predictions. However, the gut microbial communities of these three species of parrotfish differed significantly not only in their community structure but also in their microbial functional information structure, mainly in terms of aspartate and asparagine biosynthesis, histidine degradation, inositol degradation, heptose biosynthesis, chitin derivatives degradation, enterobactin biosynthesis, and thiazole biosynthesis. Our study provides essential gut microbial community data for understanding the physiology and sex reversal phenomenon in parrotfish.

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Plicidentine in the oral fangs of parrotfish (Scarinae, Labriformes)

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Whitespot Parrotfish (Scarus forsteni): A Valuable Scaridae Genomic Resource

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Whitespot Parrotfish (Scarus forsteni): A Valuable Scaridae Genomic Resource

Beaks promote rapid morphological diversification along distinct evolutionary trajectories in labrid fishes (Eupercaria: Labridae)

Environmental sex reversal in parrotfish does not cause differences in the structure of their gut microbial communities

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