Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Experiment 1: implementation strategy and mid-Pliocene global climatology using GENESIS v3.0 GCM

Koenig, S. J.; DeConto, Robert M.; Pollard, David

doi:10.5194/gmd-5-73-2012

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…5) and topography effects. Simulated warming over Greenland and Antarctica is similar in the AGCM and AOGCM, with temperature anomalies reaching +25 to +30 • C. These values are similar to the AGCM results of Koenig et al (2012). In the tropics, warming is larger in the AOGCM simulation than in the AGCM simulation (Fig.…”

Section: Surface Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 78%

Modelling the mid-Pliocene Warm Period climate with the IPSL coupled model and its atmospheric component LMDZ5A

2012

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Abstract. This paper describes the experimental design and model results of the climate simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP, ca. 3.3-3 Ma) using the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace model (IPSLCM5A), in the framework of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). We use the IPSL atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM), and its atmospheric component alone (AGCM), to simulate the climate of the mPWP. Boundary conditions such as sea surface temperatures (SSTs), topography, ice-sheet extent and vegetation are derived from the ones imposed by the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), described in Haywood et al. (2010Haywood et al. ( , 2011. We first describe the IPSL model main features, and then give a full description of the boundary conditions used for atmospheric model and coupled model experiments. The climatic outputs of the mPWP simulations are detailed and compared to the corresponding control simulations. The simulated warming relative to the control simulation is 1.94 • C in the atmospheric and 2.07 • C in the coupled model experiments. In both experiments, warming is larger at high latitudes. Mechanisms governing the simulated precipitation patterns are different in the coupled model than in the atmospheric model alone, because of the reduced gradients in imposed SSTs, which impacts the Hadley and Walker circulations. In addition, a sensitivity test to the change of landsea mask in the atmospheric model, representing a sea-level change from present-day to 25 m higher during the midPliocene, is described. We find that surface temperature differences can be large (several degrees Celsius) but are restricted to the areas that were changed from ocean to land or vice versa. In terms of precipitation, impact on polar regions is minor although the change in land-sea mask is significant in these areas.

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Section: Surface Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 78%

Modelling the mid-Pliocene Warm Period climate with the IPSL coupled model and its atmospheric component LMDZ5A

2012

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“…The simulated general patterns of mid-Pliocene warming agree with our earlier coupled simulations , and also simulations from other PlioMIP groups (e.g. Chan et al, 2011;Koenig et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012;Kamae and Ueda, 2012;Contoux et al, 2012). The analysis of mid-Pliocene climate anomalies necessitates a reference experiment.…”

Section: Discussion and Summarysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Near the Equator, the zonal mean annual SAT increases only by 1 • C. At high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, the zonal mean annual SAT increases by 11 • C. Largest warming appears near the North Pole, where the zonal mean annual SAT increases by 13 • C. Such changes, with stronger warming at high latitudes, follow the mid-Pliocene SST anomalies reconstructed by the PRISM , and also agree with PlioMIP simulations of other groups (e.g. Chan et al, 2011;Koenig et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2012;Kamae and Ueda, 2012;Contoux et al, 2012).…”

Section: Satsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Within the PlioMIP framework, an increasing number of mid-Pliocene simulations (e.g. Chan et al, 2011;Koenig et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012) are being published. According to the PlioMIP experimental guidelines, two sets of experiments should be conducted based on the PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) reconstructions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-industrial and mid-Pliocene simulations with NorESM-L: AGCM simulations

Zhang

Yan

2012

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), two sets of experiments are suggested. One includes a reference and a mid-Pliocene experiment run with atmosphere general circulation models (AGCM experiments, referred to as Experiments I), the other includes a pre-industrial and a mid-Pliocene experiment run with coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (AOGCM experiments, referred to as Experiments II). In this paper, we describe the AGCM experiments with the atmosphere component in the low-resolution version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM-L), and also assess the potential uncertainties in analyzing mid-Pliocene climate anomalies that might result from the choice of the sea surface temperature (SST) forcing for the reference experiment (pre-industrial or modern). We carry out a mid-Pliocene experiment, a control experiment forced by the modern SST fields, and a pre-industrial experiment forced by the monthly SST fields from HadISST averaged between 1879 and 1900. Our experiments illustrate that the simulated mid-Pliocene global mean annual surface air temperature (SAT) is 17.1 • C. It is 2.5 • C warmer than the control experiment, but 2.7 • C warmer than the pre-industrial experiment. We find that the uncertainties in analyses of mid-Pliocene climate anomalies are small on a global scale, but still large on a regional scale. On the regional scale, these uncertainties should be noted and assessed in future PlioMIP studies.

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“…The second (Experiment 2) utilizes fully coupled oceanatmosphere climate models [atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) or coupled general circulation models (CGCMs)] to perform the mid-Pliocene and PI simulations (Haywood et al 2010(Haywood et al , 2011. All the PlioMIP1 participating models show good performance in reproducing the global SAT warming in the mid-Pliocene (Chan et al 2011;Bragg et al 2012;Contoux et al 2012;Kamae and Ueda 2012;Koenig et al 2012;Stepanek and Lohmann 2012;Yan et al 2012a, b;Chandler et al 2013;Rosenbloom et al 2013;Zheng et al 2013), despite the mechanisms underpinning the trend remaining controversial (Haywood and Valdes 2004;Hill et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers and mechanisms for enhanced summer monsoon precipitation over East Asia during the mid-Pliocene in the IPSL-CM5A

et al. 2015

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component of vertical moisture advection, resulting in enhanced mid-Pliocene EASM precipitation compared to PI in both simulations. Moist static energy diagnosis identifies the combined effect of enhanced zonal thermal contrast and column-integrated meridional stationary eddy velocity v * and its convergence ∂v * ∂y as the physical mechanisms that sustain the enhancement of mid-Pliocene EASM precipitation in both simulations compared to the PI experiments. This takes place through a strengthening of the EASM circulation and moisture transport into the EASM domain associated with an increase in local moisture convergence in the mid-Pliocene in both simulations. Moisture budget analysis also reveals that the larger area-averaged mid-Pliocene EASM precipitation increase in the CGCM compared to its AGCM component is mainly caused by the dynamical component contributing more to the vertical moisture advection in the CGCM (i.e. IPSL-CM5A) compared to its AGCM (LMDZ5). The large simulated differences in the spatial pattern of the mid-Pliocene EASM precipitation between the two simulations result from the combined effect of enhanced meridional thermal contrast over the EASM domain and increased v * convergence over South China in the CGCM simulation compared to the AGCM simulation.

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Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Experiment 1: implementation strategy and mid-Pliocene global climatology using GENESIS v3.0 GCM

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Modelling the mid-Pliocene Warm Period climate with the IPSL coupled model and its atmospheric component LMDZ5A

Modelling the mid-Pliocene Warm Period climate with the IPSL coupled model and its atmospheric component LMDZ5A

Pre-industrial and mid-Pliocene simulations with NorESM-L: AGCM simulations

Drivers and mechanisms for enhanced summer monsoon precipitation over East Asia during the mid-Pliocene in the IPSL-CM5A

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