Pliocene-Pleistocene Sediments of the Equatorial Pacific: Their Paleomagnetic, Biostratigraphic, and Climatic Record

Hays, James D.; Saitō, Tsunemasa; Opdyke, Neil D.; Burckle, Lloyd H.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1481:psotep]2.0.co;2

Cited by 509 publications

(397 citation statements)

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“…For example, equatorial Pacific sediments deposited during glacial periods of the late Pleistocene have increased eolian influx coinciding with increased surface productivity and associated mass accumulation rates of carbonate, organic carbon and biogenic silica, although the maxima of each flux do not always coincide . In contrast, prior to 350 ka, Pleistocene sediments deposited in the northwestern Pacific display maxima in mass accumulation rates of carbonate during the interglacial periods (Hovan et al, 1991), whereas coeval sediments deposited in the equatorial Pacific display maxima coinciding with glacial periods (Hays et al, 1969;Farrell and Prell, 1989). For the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the assignment of variations in clay influx and biogenic mass accumulation rates to "warm" vs. "cool" portions of the Milankovitch cyclicity remains model-dependent.…”

Section: Aluminum and Claymentioning

confidence: 98%

Jurassic through Early Cretaceous Sedimentation History of the Central Equatorial Pacific and of Sites 800 and 801

Ogg¹,

Stattegger²,

Behl³

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Sedimentation in the central Pacific during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous was dominated by abundant biogenic silica. A synthesis of the stratigraphy, lithology, petrology, and geochemistry of the radiolarites in Sites 801 and 800 documents the sedimentation processes and trends in the equatorial central Pacific from the Middle Jurassic through the Early Cretaceous. Paleolatitude and paleodepth reconstructions enable comparisons with previous DSDP sites and identification of the general patterns of sedimentation over a wide region of the Pacific.Clayey radiolarites dominated sedimentation on Pacific oceanic crust within tropical paleolatitudes from at least the latest Bathonian through Tithonian. Radiolarian productivity rose to a peak within 5° of the paleoequator, where accumulation rates of biogenic silica exceeded 1000 g/cm 2 /m.y. Wavy-bedded radiolarian cherts developed in the upper Tithonian at Site 801 coinciding with the proximity of this site to the paleoequator. Ribbon-bedding of some radiolarian cherts exposed on Pacific margins may have formed from silicification of radiolarite deposited near the equatorial high-productivity zone where radiolarian/clay ratios were high. Silicification processes in sediments extensively mixed by bioturbation or enriched in clay or carbonate generally resulted in discontinuous bands or nodules of porcellanite or chert, e.g., a "knobby" radiolarite. Ribbon-bedded cherts require primary alternations of radiolarian-rich and clay-rich layers as an initial structural template, coupled with abundant biogenic silica in both layers. During diagenesis, migration of silica from clay-rich layers leaves radiolarian "ghosts" or voids, and the precipitation in adjacent radiolarite layers results in silicification of the inter-radiolarian matrix and infilling of radiolarian tests. Alternations of claystone and clay-rich radiolarian grainstone were deposited during the Callovian at Site 801 and during the Berriasian-Valanginian at Site 800, but did not silicify to form bedded chert.Carbonate was not preserved on the Pacific oceanic floor or spreading ridges during the Jurassic, perhaps due to an elevated level of dissolved carbon dioxide. During the Berriasian through Hauterivian, the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) descended to approximately 3500 m, permitting the accumulation of siliceous limestones at near-ridge sites. Carbonate accumulation rates exceeded 1500 g/cm 2 /m.y. at sites above the CCD, yet there is no evidence of an equatorial carbonate bulge during the Early Cretaceous. In the Barremian and Aptian, the CCD rose, coincident with the onset of mid-plate volcanic activity.Abundance of Fe and Mn and the associated formation of authigenic Fe-smectite clays was a function of proximity to the spreading ridges, with secondary enrichments occurring during episodes of spreading-center reorganizations. Callovian radiolarite at Site 801 is anomalously depleted in Mn, which resulted either from inhibited precipitation of Mn-oxides by lower pH of interstitial waters in...

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Section: Aluminum and Claymentioning

confidence: 98%

Jurassic through Early Cretaceous Sedimentation History of the Central Equatorial Pacific and of Sites 800 and 801

Ogg¹,

Stattegger²,

Behl³

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…The latter may be more likely because it has a much longer stratigraphic range in New Zealand as compared with Venezuela (see Blow, 1959 (Jenkins, 1966a(Jenkins, , 1967 (Jenkins, 1966a) and ranges through to the Upper Pleistocene part of the G. inflata Zone (Jenkins, 1967). Remarks: G. nepenthes was found to be relatively rare in the examined samples and this may be due to its solution prone test as noted by Hays et al (1969 Hays et al (1969) showed its range in sediments of the eastern equatorial Pacific with its Pliocene extinction level at 3.7 million years at the upper boundary of the "a" normal event of the Gilbert Reversed epoch. (Jenkins, 1966a(Jenkins, , 1967 (Jenkins, 1960) and subsequently recorded in New Zealand from the G. woodi woodi Zone to G. mayeri mayeri Zone (Jenkins, 1966a(Jenkins, , 1967 Remarks: G. insueta was found to be relatively rare and sporadic within its Lower-Middle Miocene range in the examined area.…”

Section: Globigerina Calida Parker (Plate 7 Figures 4 and 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the shipboard and subsequent work, the publications of Parker (1967) and Hays et al (1969) were found to be particularly relevant and useful especially for the Upper Miocene to Pleistocene. These publications and those by others, for example, by Bolli (1957a, b, c), were found to be scientifically acceptable because the stratigraphic ranges of taxa recorded therein were tied down to well documented stratigraphic sections.…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Eastern Equatorial PacificDSDP Leg 9

Jenkins¹,

Orr²

1972

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…Besides the nominate taxon, diatom species include Thalassiothrix nitzschioides, T. nitzs- served. This species has been useful for helping to identify the interval between the base of the Brunhes Chron and the top of the Jaramillo Subchron (Hays et al, 1969). Diatom species found in this zone include P. doliolus, N. seminae, Thalassiosira lineata, Rhizosolenia hebetata, C. excentricus, and T. nitzschioides.…”

Section: Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site 799

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Comments: a Drilling in this hole was conducted during two visits (see text).Ingle, J. C, Jr., Suyehiro, K., von Breymann, M. T., et al., 1990. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 128: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).2 Shipboard Scientific Party is as given in list of participants preceding the contents. Core recovery (%): 106 HOLE 799CDate Oldest sediment cored:Depth (mbsf): 252.5 Nature: diatom clayey mixed sedimentComments: This was a "dedicated" hole to test the sonic core monitor.Principal results: Our objectives at Site 799, located in the KitaYamato Trough were (1) to determine the depositional and tectonic history of the trough as a sedimented failed-rift environment thought to be ideal or typical for the occurrence of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Kuroko or perhaps shale-hosted type and (2) to obtain information about the paleoceanographic history of the Yamato Rise area and the Sea of Japan as a whole.Results at Site 799 are summarized below, and a stratigraphic summary is presented in Figure 1. 1. Before drilling, seismic estimates of the thickness of sediment in the Kita-Yamato Trough indicated up to 1300 m of Miocene to Holocene sediments might be present in the axis of this narrow graben structure. Drilling in the trough, we penetrated 1084 m of lower Miocene through Holocene sediments before an increase in hydrocarbon gases and a fluorescent cut forced us to stop drilling. Post-drilling vertical seismic profile (VSP) analysis indicated that acoustic basement was present about 120 m below the base of Hole 799B (1084 mbsf T.D.), indicating a total sediment thickness of about 1200 m.2. The sedimentary column at Site 799 can be divided into five lithologic units that correspond to variations in composition and depositional style and major post-depositional diagenetic changes. Benthic foraminifers indicate that the entire sediment column at Site 799 was deposited at lower to middle bathyal water depths that were approximately equivalent to the presentday water depth at this site (2084 m). Coarse turbidite sands mark early Miocene deposition in the trough area and indicate close proximity to an insular or continental littoral area and associated terrestrial environments. Middle and upper Miocene intervals are dominated by siliceous claystones, porcellanites, and biosiliceous sediments that include common authigenic carbonate layers and nodules, indicating high surface productivity of both siliceous and calcareous plankton during this period. organic matter indicate episodic deposition under low-oxygen bottom-water masses. Lower Pliocene sediments are rich in diatoms, with higher amounts of fine-grained terrigenous sediment appearing in late Pliocene through Pleistocene time, accompanied by slump deposits, redeposited foraminiferal sands, and volcanic ashes. There are hints of a causal relationship between the appearance of the slump deposits and the occurrence of volcanic ashes.3. The opal-A/opal-CT transition occurs at about 435 mbsf and forms a major lithologic and geochemical bound...

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Pliocene-Pleistocene Sediments of the Equatorial Pacific: Their Paleomagnetic, Biostratigraphic, and Climatic Record

Cited by 509 publications

References 0 publications

Jurassic through Early Cretaceous Sedimentation History of the Central Equatorial Pacific and of Sites 800 and 801

Jurassic through Early Cretaceous Sedimentation History of the Central Equatorial Pacific and of Sites 800 and 801

Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Eastern Equatorial PacificDSDP Leg 9

Site 799

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Pliocene-Pleistocene Sediments of the Equatorial Pacific: Their Paleomagnetic, Biostratigraphic, and Climatic Record

Cited by 509 publications

References 0 publications

Jurassic through Early Cretaceous Sedimentation History of the Central Equatorial Pacific and of Sites 800 and 801

Jurassic through Early Cretaceous Sedimentation History of the Central Equatorial Pacific and of Sites 800 and 801

Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Eastern Equatorial PacificDSDP Leg 9

Site 799

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Eastern Equatorial PacificDSDP Leg 9