Plume dynamics during film and nanoparticles deposition by pulsed laser ablation

Ablation plume structure and dynamics in ambient gas observed by laser-induced fluorescence imaging spectroscopy

“…The smaller slowing coefficients for the inner component indicate that the component can propagate more smoothly in the cavity; similar behavior has also been reported in literature [26]. When the shockwave is generated during plume expansion, the ablated material pushes the ambient gas away from the sample as a piston so that the gas in the plume becomes rarefied (i.e., the snowplow effect) [46][47][48]. The smooth propagation of the inner component suggests that the developed cavity is filled with not only few gas atoms, but also few species which cannot be detected with the LIF imaging spectroscopy, i.e.…”

“…Nevertheless, according to the hydrodynamic model, which considers the diffusion across the contact surface, it is expected that these species can be mixed in the region of which thickness is several hundred micrometers [24,42,[46][47][48]. In the mixing region these species are expected to be significantly compressed by the expanding pressure of the shockwave and the resistance of the surrounding gas.…”

A Review of Methods for Synthesis of Al Nanoparticles

“…In the view of gas dynamics, the PLA process can be classified into (i) evaporation of the target material and (ii) hydrodynamic expansion of the ablated plume into the ambient gas. In nanoparticle formation, the following stages must be considered: (i) homogeneous nucleation, where vapor atoms produced by laser ablation have been supersaturated, and (ii) particle growth, where the critical nuclei are growing, capturing atoms on their surfaces, and making the transition into large particles 42 .…”

Thermodynamics of Nanoparticle Formation in Laser Ablation

“…The idealized states just beyond the Knudsen layer are calculated by using the above equations (Han, M., 2002).…”