Plutonium in Soft Tissues with Emphasis on the Respiratory Tract

Bair, W.J.; Ballou, J.E.; Park, J. F.; Sanders, C.L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65551-7_11

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…High-fired 239 PuO2 is very insoluble in tissues, with < 0 . 5 % of the initial lung burden being translocated to skeletal tissues over the lifespan of the rat (Bair et al 1973) . Absorption of inhaled 239 PuO2 from the gastrointestinal tract is only 0 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Brain Tumours in Rats Exposed to an Aerosol of²³⁹PuO₂

Sanders

Dagle

Mahaffey

1992

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Incidence of brain tumours was investigated in 3390 female and male Wistar rats exposed to an aerosol of 239PuO2, or as sham-exposed controls. Lung doses ranged from 0.05 to 22 Gy. In females, six brain tumours were found in 1058 control rats (incidence, 0.6%) and 24 brain tumours in 2134 rats exposed to Pu (incidence, 1.1%); the survival-adjusted level of significance was p = 0.29 for comparing control with exposed females. In males, two brain tumours were found in 60 control rats (incidence, 3.3%) and seven brain tumours in 138 rats exposed to Pu (incidence, 5.1%); the survival-adjusted level of significance was p = 0.33. Brain tumour incidence was about five times greater in male than in female rats (p = 0.0001), demonstrating a highly significant sex difference in brain tumour incidence. Tumour types were distributed similarly among control and Pu-exposed groups of both sexes; most tumours were astrocytomas. Mean lifespans for rats with brain tumours were not significantly different between control and Pu-exposed rats. Plutonium was not detected on autoradiograms of the brain. These results, like those for plutonium workers, show an increase of brain tumours which cannot be demonstrated statistically to be related to radiation exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Brain Tumours in Rats Exposed to an Aerosol of²³⁹PuO₂

Sanders

Dagle

Mahaffey

1992

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…After inhalation of insoluble Pu particles, the Pu content of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes was high, and the presence of more Pu in liver than in skeleton suggests that Pu entered the body in particulate form. Autoradiographs of livers of dogs that inhaled PuO, do not contain single alpha tracks, but only aggregates of Pu within RE cells (BAIR et al, 1973). Autoradiographs of livers of dogs that inhaled PuO, do not contain single alpha tracks, but only aggregates of Pu within RE cells (BAIR et al, 1973).…”

Section: Long-term Fate Of Particulate Plutoniummentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The fluorides, hydroxides, and oxides are very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or lung (BAIR et al, 1973;SMITH et al, 1966). The fluorides, hydroxides, and oxides are very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or lung (BAIR et al, 1973;SMITH et al, 1966).…”

Section: Insoluble Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the ICRP lung model was proposed (ICRP, 1966) evidence has accumulated suggesting that after deposition in the lung all but the most mobile Pu complexes are promptly taken up by phagocytic cells either free in alveolar air spaces or fixed in alveolar membranes (BAIR et al, 1973). Days to weeks after rats inhaled soluble Pu(1V) citrate, a small amount of Pu could still be found aggregated in these specialized cells in the lungs (LYUB- CHANSKII, 1967).…”

Section: Absorption From the Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Days to weeks after rats inhaled soluble Pu(1V) citrate, a small amount of Pu could still be found aggregated in these specialized cells in the lungs (LYUB- CHANSKII, 1967). Several years after dogs inhaled PuO, particles, Pu could be found in abdominal lymph nodes and in RE cells in liver and spleen (BAIR et al, 1973). Eventually the Pu-laden phagocytes die from normal attrition or radiation damage; and their Pu-laden debris is taken up by other phagocytes, passes into lymph, and eventually into reticuloendothelial (RE) cells in local lymph nodes.…”

Section: Absorption From the Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plutonium in Mammals

Durbin¹

1975

Health Physics

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Curremt concepts of Pu metabolism are reviewed. (1) Both the amounts and rates of Pu absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, wound sites, or the lung decrease in the order: soluble complexes > hydrolyzable salts > insoluble compounds. (2) Absorption of Pu from the gastrointestinal tract is greater in very young animals than in adults. Deposition of Pu in bone is greater in growing animals than in young adults.(3) When introduced as a metabolizable complex or simple salt, Pu is transported in plasma chiefly by the iron-transport protein, transferrin. Circulating as the Pu-transferrin complex, Pu is deposited as single atoms in liver parenchymal cells and at the cell-mineral interface of those bone surfaces in dosest proximity to erythropoietic marrow. (4) Liver deposition is favored when Pu is introduced directly into the body by parenteral injection. Skeletal deposition is favored when Pu has been transported across cell barriers as in the case of ingestion or inhalation. (5) In the dog, Pu in hepatic cells is initially associated with soluble ferritin, and later with subcellular structures. Upon the death of hepatic cells, Pu-laden debris accumulates in liver reticuloendothelial (RE) cells. Some of the phagocytized Pu is eventually released from the liver. (6) Concentrations of Pu on bone surfaces are not uniform and decrease in the order: endosteal > periosteal > Haversian. Plutonium concentrations on endosteal surfaces decrease in the order: resorbing > resting

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