Plyometric Training Favors Optimizing Muscle–Tendon Behavior during Depth Jumping

Hirayama, Kuniaki; Iwanuma, Soichiro; Ikeda, Naoki; Yoshikawa, Ayumi; Ema, Ryoichi; Kawakami, Yasuo

doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00016

Cited by 61 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The present results on tendon hysteresis differed from the finding of Foure et al (2010b). On the other hand, a more recent study showed that the shortening velocity of tendons in the initial half of the concentric phase during drop jumps significantly increased after 12 weeks of plyometric training (Hirayama et al 2017). This finding implies that tendon hysteresis decreases after plyometric training.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, however, hysteresis of tendon structures for ramp and ballistic contractions did not change after PLY (Table 2). The shortening velocity of tendon structures during the descending phase of ballistic contractions was approximately 35 mmÁsec À1 , which was markedly lower than that during jumping (60-200 mmÁsec À1 ; Hirayama et al 2017;Ishikawa et al 2005;Kurokawa et al 2003). In future studies, we need to investigate training-induced changes in tendon hysteresis during higher shortening conditions than ballistic contractions in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The shortening velocity of tendon structures during the descending phase of ballistic contractions was approximately 35 mm·sec −1 , which was markedly lower than that during jumping (60–200 mm·sec −1 ; Hirayama et al. ; Ishikawa et al. ; Kurokawa et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effects of plyometric and isometric training on muscle and tendon stiffness in vivo

2017

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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric and isometric training on tendon properties during ramp and ballistic contractions and muscle stiffness under passive and active conditions. Eleven subjects completed 12 weeks (3 days/week) of a unilateral training program for the plantar flexors. They performed plyometric training on one side (PLY) and isometric training on the other side (ISO). Active muscle stiffness in the medial gastrocnemius muscle was calculated according to changes in estimated muscle force and fascicle length during fast stretching after submaximal isometric contractions. Passive muscle stiffness was also calculated from estimated passive muscle force and fascicle length during slow passive stretching. Stiffness and hysteresis of tendon structures were measured using ultrasonography during ramp and ballistic contractions. Passive muscle stiffness and tendon hysteresis did not change for PLY or ISO. Active muscle stiffness significantly increased for PLY, but not for ISO. Tendon stiffness during ramp and ballistic contractions increased significantly for ISO, but not for PLY. In addition, tendon elongation values at force production levels beyond 100 N during ballistic contractions increased for PLY. These results suggest that plyometric training (but not isometric training) enhances the extensibility of tendon structures during ballistic contractions and active muscle stiffness during fast stretching, and these changes may be related to improved performances during stretch‐shortening cycle exercises.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Effects of plyometric and isometric training on muscle and tendon stiffness in vivo

2017

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“…Although this study provides a detailed view on the neuromechanical activity during acute tasks in a cross‐sectional design, it would be interesting to investigate in future training‐related longitudinal studies, possibly with a performance and training design as in Hirayama et al 2017, how the system adapts to unknown and deceptive requirements over the long term. This might be interesting for understanding whether and how the system adapts to uncertainty in sports and may bring forth valuable information for enhancing sportive performance and in the design of training programs for coaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipation of drop height affects neuromuscular control and muscle‐tendon mechanics

Helm

Freyler

Waldvogel

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study examined the effect of drop height on neuromechanical control of the plantarflexors in drop jumps (DJs) before and during ground contact (GC). The effect of anticipation on muscle mechanical configurations was investigated in 22 subjects in three conditions (20, 30, and 40 cm): (i) known, (ii) unknown, or (iii) cheat falling heights (announced 40 cm, but actual drop height was 20 cm). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the m. gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and other shank muscles was recorded and analyzed before GC and during GC separately for the short-, medium-, and long-latency responses (SLR, MLR, and LLR). Changes in GM fascicle length (L M ) were determined via B-mode ultrasound, and muscle-tendon unit length (L MTU ) was estimated. Peak force (P < .001), rate of force development (RFD) (P = .001) and GM EMG activity prior to (P = .003) and during GC (P = .007) was reduced in the unknown compared with the known conditions (P < .05). The amount of shortening in L MTU during GC in unknown and cheat was less compared with the known conditions (P = .005; P = .049). Changes in L MTU lengthening negatively correlatedwith changes in GM activity around SLR and MLR (P = .006; P = .02) in known and unknown conditions. Taken together, it seems that the central nervous system applies a protective strategy in the unknown condition by reducing muscle activity to result in a lower muscular stiffness and increased tendinous lengthening prior to and during GC. This might be a mechanism to absorb greater elastic energy in the tendon and reduce the magnitude and rate of muscle lengthening and subsequent stretch-induced muscle damage.

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“…Essa combinação de movimentos faz com que, na ação excêntrica, acumule-se energia elástica nos componentes das fibras e tendões musculares e, na fase concêntrica, parte dessa energia elástica seja transformada em força de impulsão 12 . Devido às características do SP, do SV e do SH fica realçado o papel do metabolismo anaeróbio para seus desenvolvimentos 13 .…”

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Influência do Aquecimento no Desempenho do Teste de Salto Horizontal em Jovens Adultos

Caneviski

Crepaldi

Fernandes³

2017

J. Health Scie.

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ResumoÉ comum tanto os praticantes recreacionais como atletas de alto rendimento realizarem atividades preparatórias antes de um exercício físico alvo, como uma forma de prevenir lesões. Contudo, o efeito do aquecimento na melhora do rendimento em atividades, que exijam força e potência, é questionável. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a influência de dois testes físicos para potência muscular, utilizados como atividades preparatórias, na melhora da potência do teste de salto horizontal. Foram avaliados 51 indivíduos, fisicamente ativos e não obesos com média de idade de 22,1 ± 3,0 anos, acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná -UENP. Como forma de aquecimento foram utilizados os testes de salto vertical e o Sprint de 50 metros. A potência foi avaliada pelo teste de salto horizontal. Os dados foram analisados pelo pacote estatístico GraphPad Prism 5.0, com índice de significância de p<0,05. Os dados obtidos não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os protocolos, demonstrando não haver influência na realização dos testes preparatórios com o desempenho na potência pelo salto horizontal. Conclui-se que a prática das atividades preparatórias propostas neste estudo não potencializou o aumento da potência muscular dos membros inferiores para realização do salto horizontal.Palavras-Chave: Exercício; Potência Muscular; Protocolos. Abstract It is common for both recreational and high-performance athletes to perform preparatory activities prior to a targeted physical exercise as a way to prevent injury. However, the effects of warm-up on performance improvement in activities that Influência do Aquecimento no Desempenho do Teste de Salto Horizontal em Jovens Adultos Influence of Warm-up on Horizontal Jump Test Performance in Young Adults IntroduçãoAntes de qualquer prática esportiva é interessante preparar o organismo para as exigências subsequentes, sendo tal prática conhecida como "aquecimento". Definido como qualquer medida que serve como preparação para uma atividade 1 . Comumente, praticantes de exercícios físicos utilizam um aquecimento tradicional, composto por componente aeróbio de baixa intensidade, alongamento breve e movimentos específicos do esporte ou atividade a ser realizada 2 , sendo essa prática também sustentada como uma forma de prevenir lesões 3 . No entanto, é questionável a aplicabilidade para determinadas atividades, podendo ser latente para aquelas, que demandam por força e potência muscular, que são caracterizadas por ações rápidas com a maior força 4 . Atualmente, sabe-se que uma boa condição física depende não somente de níveis da capacidade aeróbia, mas também de padrões apropriados de potência e força muscular 5,6 . Estas variáveis, em níveis apropriados, são importantes para a saúde, já que atividades da vida diária envolvem a combinação de força, de potência e de resistência muscular 7 . Para a execução de atividades esportivas recreativas uma atividade preparatória é de significativa relevância, já que a efetivação de um aquecimento ade...

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Plyometric Training Favors Optimizing Muscle–Tendon Behavior during Depth Jumping

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of plyometric and isometric training on muscle and tendon stiffness in vivo

Effects of plyometric and isometric training on muscle and tendon stiffness in vivo

Anticipation of drop height affects neuromuscular control and muscle‐tendon mechanics

Influência do Aquecimento no Desempenho do Teste de Salto Horizontal em Jovens Adultos

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