PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Central and Eastern Europe:

Houthuijs, Danny; Breugelmans, Oscar; Hoek, Gerard; Vaskövi, Éva; Miháliková, Eva; Pastuszka, Józef S.; Jiřík, Vítězslav; Sachelarescu, Stela; Lolova, D; Meliefste, Kees; Uzunova, Evtimia; Marinescu, C.; Volf, Jaroslav; Leeuw, Frank de; Wiel, H. van de; Fletcher, Tony; Lebret, Erik; Brunekreef, Bert

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00123-6

Cited by 114 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The variability in the four urban areas included in this study was comparable to that observed throughout Europe, with the highest PM concentrations being measured in eastern and southern Europe. [33][34][35] Average home outdoor PN concentrations were lower than those measured at the fixed sites in Helsinki (ϳ44%), Athens (ϳ34%), and Birmingham (ϳ6%) with comparable site-to-site variation ((%⌬C): 41.7-52.8%), whereas mean PN concentration at the fixed site was approximately 60% lower than those measured in outdoor home sites in Amsterdam (Table 2). This may be explained by the importance of traffic counts and the distance to the street 23,36 outside residences in suburban areas compared with the fixed site for different centers.…”

Section: Residential Outdoor-to-fixed Differencesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dependence of Home Outdoor Particulate Mass and Number Concentrations on Residential and Traffic Features in Urban Areas

Lianou

Chalbot

Kotronarou

et al. 2007

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The associations between residential outdoor and ambient particle mass, fine particle absorbance, particle number (PN) concentrations, and residential and traffic determinants were investigated in four European urban areas (Helsinki, Athens, Amsterdam, and Birmingham). A total of 152 nonsmoking participants with respiratory diseases, not exposed to occupational pollution, were included in the study, which comprised a 7-day intensive exposure monitoring period of both indoor and home outdoor particle mass and number concentrations. The same pollutants were also continuously measured at ambient fixed sites centrally located to the studied areas (fixed ambient sites). Relationships between concentrations measured directly outside the homes (residential outdoor) and at the IMPLICATIONS Uncertainties of health risk estimates associated with exposures to PM are mostly due to weak correlations between personal exposures and ambient concentrations, which vary for different fractions of PM. Among other factors, the variability of PM concentration within an urban area is accountable, especially for coarse and ultrafine particles. This study focused on the analysis of spatial variation of fine and coarse PM and ultrafine particles in urban areas. The outcomes of this investigation provide insights on the impact of sampling, home outdoor, and traffic characteristics on the variability of particle mass and number concentrations, which are also critical in developing policies to control atmospheric PM and its sources. fixed ambient sites were pollutant-specific, with substantial variations among the urban areas. Differences were more pronounced for coarse particles due to resuspension of road dust and PN, which is strongly related to traffic emissions. Less significant outdoor-to-fixed variation for particle mass was observed for Amsterdam and Birmingham, predominantly due to regional secondary aerosol. On the contrary, a strong spatial variation was observed for Athens and to a lesser extent for Helsinki. This was attributed to the overwhelming and time-varied inputs from traffic and other local sources. The location of the residence and traffic volume and distance to street and traffic light were important determinants of residential outdoor particle concentrations. On average, particle mass levels in suburban areas were less than 30% of those measured for residences located in the city center. Residences located less than 10 m from a street experienced 133% higher PN concentrations than residences located further away. Overall, the findings of this multi-city study, indicated that (1) spatial variation was larger for PN than for fine particulate matter (PM) mass and varied between the cities, (2) vehicular emissions in the residential street and location in the center of the city were significant predictors of spatial variation, and (3) the impact of traffic and location in the city was much larger for PN than for fine particle mass. TECHNICAL PAPER

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Section: Residential Outdoor-to-fixed Differencesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dependence of Home Outdoor Particulate Mass and Number Concentrations on Residential and Traffic Features in Urban Areas

Lianou

Chalbot

Kotronarou

et al. 2007

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Another study, based on 143 IMPROVE sites in the year 2001, showed that sulfates, carbon and crustal material were responsible for most of the measured PM 2.5 at the majority of sites in the US (Malm et al, 2004). The temporal variation and spatial distribution of PM 2.5 concentrations have also been reported in Switzerland (Gehrig and Buchmann, 2003), Austria (Gomiscek et al, 2004), and six central and eastern European countries (Houthuijs et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Spatial and temporal variations of the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in China

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1 were monitored at 24 CAWNET (China Atmosphere Watch Network) stations from 2006 to 2014. The highest particulate matter (PM) concentrations were observed at the stations of Xian, Zhengzhou and Gucheng, on the Guanzhong Plain and the Huabei Plain (HBP). The second highest PM concentrations were observed in northeast China, followed by southern China. According to the latest air quality standards of China, 14 stations reached the PM 10 standard, and only 7 stations, mainly rural and remote stations, reached the PM 2.5 standard. The ratios of PM 2.5 to PM 10 showed a clear increasing trend from northern to southern China, because of the substantial contribution of coarse mineral aerosol in northern China. The ratios of PM 1 to PM 2.5 were higher than 80 % at most stations. PM concentrations tended to be highest in winter and lowest in summer at most stations, and mineral dust influenced the results in spring. A decreasing interannual trend was observed on the HBP and in southern China for the period 2006 to 2014, but an increasing trend occurred at some stations in northeast China. Bimodal and unimodal diurnal variation patterns were identified at urban stations. Both emissions and meteorological variations dominate the long-term PM concentration trend, while meteorological factors play a leading role in the short term.

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“…For PM10 concentrations at several urban and rural sites in Switzerland Monn et al [21] reported 10-33 µg/m 3 , Roosli et al [22] reported 28 µg/m 3 , and Gehrig et al showed [23] 22.5-35.9 µg/m 3 . A two to threefold concentration range (from 41 to 98 µg/m 3 ) was found for PM10 in Central and East European countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovak Republic [24]. The concentrations in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, and Hungary were considerably higher than the Austrian data [1].…”

Section: Mass Concentration Of Pm10 and Spatial Distribution Patternsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Aerozolio dalelių savybės ir koncentracija kinta laike ir erdvėje priklausomai nuo jų emisijos šaltinių tipo, stiprio ir geografinės vietos. Taigi, ivairiais aspektais vykdomi aerozolio dalelių tyrimai skirtingose pasaulio vietose yra labai aktualūs ir dažnaiįjungiamiįįvairių pasaulinių programų sudėtį [19,24,25]. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti aerozolio dalelių, kurių skersmuo yra mažesnis nei 10 µm, masės koncentracijos erdvinės sklaidos Vilniaus mieste ypatumus, paros ir sezoninę jos kaitą beiįvertinti toli esančių taršos šaltinių poveikį.…”

Section: Aerozolio Dalelių (<10 µM) Koncentracijos Vilniuje Kaitaunclassified

Variations of concentration of aerosol particles (≤10 μm) in Vilnius

Sopauskiene¹,

Jasinevičienė²

2009

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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Long-term observations of atmospheric constituents such as particulate matter (PM) are increasingly important in evaluating their adverse effects on human health and climate. Time series (2005)(2006)(2007) of the hourly mass concentrations of PM10 recorded at three air quality monitoring (AQM) sites characterized by a different exposure to traffic emissions in Vilnius city have been used for the investigation of spatial and temporal variations as well as the input of pollutants to PM10 levels by longrange transport of air masses. The distribution plots of PM10 24-h mean mass concentrations showed a unimodal lognormal distribution with the mode centered on 34.4, 21.6, and 19.9 µg/m 3 , respectively, at the traffic-exposed (Žirmūnai), semi-urban (Senamiestis), and urban background (Lazdynai) sites. The difference between traffic-exposed and urban background data indicates average concentration increment of 12.5 µg/m 3 of PM10. Site-specific, clear diurnal and seasonal fluctuations were observed for PM10 concentrations at all AQM sites. Two major pollution episodes when PM10 24-h mean exceeded 50 µg/m 3 were differentiated. The first one (25 April -15 May 2006) was characterized by the long-range transport of pollutants emitted by biomass burning in southeastern Europe. In the second episode (9-17 January 2009), high levels of PM10 were determined, tracing the polluted air mass transport from southwestern Europe where large combustion plants are responsible for two thirds of the European Union (EU) total sulphur emissions.

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PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Central and Eastern Europe:

Cited by 114 publications

References 22 publications

Dependence of Home Outdoor Particulate Mass and Number Concentrations on Residential and Traffic Features in Urban Areas

Dependence of Home Outdoor Particulate Mass and Number Concentrations on Residential and Traffic Features in Urban Areas

Spatial and temporal variations of the concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> in China

Variations of concentration of aerosol particles (≤10 μm) in Vilnius

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PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Central and Eastern Europe:

Cited by 114 publications

References 22 publications

Dependence of Home Outdoor Particulate Mass and Number Concentrations on Residential and Traffic Features in Urban Areas

Dependence of Home Outdoor Particulate Mass and Number Concentrations on Residential and Traffic Features in Urban Areas

Spatial and temporal variations of the concentrations of PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; in China

Variations of concentration of aerosol particles (≤10 μm) in Vilnius

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Spatial and temporal variations of the concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> in China