PM2.5- and PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the residential area near coal-fired power and steelmaking plants of Taichung City, Taiwan: In vitro-based health risk and source identification

Zhu, Jinning; Hsu, Chin-Yu; Chou, Wei-Chun; Chen, Mu-Jean; Chen, Jyh-Larng; Yang, Tzu‐Ting; Wu, Yuehua; Chen, Yu‐Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.198

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Total PAHs were lower than those reached in the industrial area of Hassi-Messaoud (22-65 ng m -3 ), in an urban environment in southwest China (79.6 ng m -3 ) and at residential sites in Taiwan (45.2-44.1 ng m -3 ) (Yassaa and Cecinato, 2005;Hi et al, 2019;Zhu et al, 2019). However, they were similar to those recorded in industrial areas (6-11 ng m -3 ), in urban ambient air of Tafourah (15.9 ng m -3 ) and in the urban zone of Ben Aknoun (13-16 ng m -3 ) (Ladji et al, 2009a;Ladji et al, 2014;Khedidji et al, 2017), but were much higher compared to those reported for Italian locations such as in the coastal area (Romagnoli et al, 2016) and Naples (Di Vaio et al, 2016).…”

Section: Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (Svocs)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Chemical Characterization of Marine Aerosols in a South Mediterranean Coastal Area Located in Bou Ismaïl, Algeria

Khedidji¹,

Müller²,

Rabhi³

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Daily concentrations of inorganic and organic compounds associated with PM 10 , i.e., atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm, was determined at the south Mediterranean coastal area located in Bou Ismaïl, 40 km west of the Algiers city area in Algeria. From September 2011 to January 2012, chemical characterization of aerosol particles comprising water-soluble ions (WSI), trace metals, carbonaceous aerosols, the anhydrosugars levoglucosan and arabitol, dicarboxylic acids, and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), i.e., alkanes, PAHs, and hopanes, was carried out by using a variety of analytical techniques. Overall, the concentrations of selected ionic species were similar to those reported at other Mediterranean sites, ranging from 3.62 µg m-3 to 5.20 µg m-3 for the monthly total WSI. Sulfate was the most abundant ion. The total concentrations of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) recorded in Bou Ismaïl ranged from 7.06 to 58.8 ng m-3 for n-alkanes, from 2.44 to 35.3 ng m-3 for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from 0.14 to 1 ng m-3 for hopanes, and from 0.67 to 13.2 ng m-3 for n-alkan-2-one. In order to reconcile species concentrations and their emission sources, sampling days were grouped into two categories according to air mass origin. In the first group, the aerosol particles were mainly of a marine origin, while those of the second group originated in the dust sector. A source analysis of total contents organic compounds (PAHs, alkanes, hopanes, and alkanones) and individual inorganic compounds by spearman rank correlation illustrated that the principal sources consisted of sea salt, secondary aerosol, and biomass burning. Additionally, PM 10 constituent diagnostic ratios and the carbon preference index (CPI) for n-alkanes indicated the importance of anthropogenic emissions.

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Section: Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (Svocs)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Chemical Characterization of Marine Aerosols in a South Mediterranean Coastal Area Located in Bou Ismaïl, Algeria

Khedidji¹,

Müller²,

Rabhi³

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The purpose of collecting pPAHs in different sizes of particulate matter was to check whether pPAHs would be selectively localized in a specific size of dust or not. As no significant trend was found between pPAHs and particle size PM10 and PM2.5¸ similarly observed in other previous studies (Fang, X. et al, 2019;Zhu, J. et al, 2019;Murillo, J. H. et al, 2017;Kaushik, C. P. et al, 2012), pPAH samples from different particle sizes were pooled for the data analysis. Table 21 represents the concentrations of pPAHs in indoor and bus park at 9 bus interchanges.…”

Section: Indoor and Bus Park Ppahs Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Firstly, vehicle exhaust, known for the major outdoor sources of PAHs, could pollute indoor environments through airflow. Many of PAHs measurement studies in diverse indoor microenvironments, such as school (Zhu, J. et al, 2019) and childcare center (Oliveira, M. et al, 2014), reported the PAHs originated from vehicle exhaust could deteriorate indoor air quality if the places were surrounded by busy roads. Secondly, tobacco smoke could be a dominant source of PAHs in the indoor environment when periodical smoking activities occur (Chuang, J. C. et al, 1991).…”

Section: Sources Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and analysis of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at Singapore's integrated transport hubs (ITH)

Lee¹

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Millions of commuters should spend time waiting for their buses at bus interchanges every day in Singapore. Environmental exposure to vehicular emissions at transport hub and associated risks are of public concern. To date, limited studies have focused on the indoor air quality at Integrated Transport Hubs (ITHs), which are fully air-conditioned bus interchanges adjoined with subway stations and commercial facilities.In this study, 12 representative Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and 16 EPA priority pollutant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected, collected from 9 bus interchanges at both indoor waiting area and bus park sampling points, and then analyzed.The daily VOCs and PAHs exposure for commuters were estimated by considering inhalation and dermal doses using Monte Carlo simulation (n=100,000), and human health risks for the exposure to selective pollutants were further evaluated.The median concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs), total gaseous PAHs (TgPAHs) and total particulate-bound PAHs (TpPAHs) in indoor areas were 30.42 µg/m 3 , 18.99 ng/m 3 and 1.38 ng/m 3 , respectively. Besides, the median concentrations for bus parks were 20.24 µg/m 3 , 24.26 ng/m 3 and 1.94 ng/m 3 in sequence. In general, the pollutant concentration levels were not significantly different between waiting areas and bus parks, but showed positive correlations (TVOCs: r = 0.90 , p < 0.001; TgPAHs: r = 0.75, p < 0.001; TpPAHs: r = 0.39, p < 0.05), suggesting some air exchange dependency between the spaces. The high correlations between VOCs and gPAHs components were found, which implied the bus exhaust might be the dominant source of the pollutants. The indoor waiting area to bus park pollutant concentration ratio (I/B ratio), a new indicator representing the concentration relationship between indoor and bus park samples, was calculated for each pollutant group, and lower I/B ratios of pollutants were found (TVOCs: 0.98; TgPAHs: 0.76; TpPAHs: 0.71) in the bus interchanges with fully sheltered bus parks than those with open/partially enclosed bus parks (TVOCs: 1.28; TgPAHs: 1.31; TpPAHs: 0.90).The findings in this study imply that the fully sheltered bus park may affect the dilution of air pollutants resulting in the accumulation in adjacent indoors.From the result of the dose estimation, it was found that inhalation was the dominant exposure route of VOCs accounted for 99%, while dermal absorption was the major route of PAHs accounted for 82%. Most concentration levels of VOCs at Singapore's ITHs were found to be below EPA's reference concentrations (RfC) except for naphthalene, but the maximum concentration was less than the twice of its safety benchmark. However, vi benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene and naphthalene exceed the stringent OEHHA benchmarks, as similar to other countries' reports. The concentration levels of PAHs at ITHs were found to be within their safety benchmarks through the estimation of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for carcinogenic risk and the comparison with EPA's RfC for noncarcinogenic r...

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“…PAHs in the atmosphere can be adsorbed into particulate matter (PM, Ma et al, 2020;Zheng et al, 2019;Zhu et al, 2019). With the growing urbanization process in China, PAHs pollution in PM is becoming a serious environmental problem (Zhao et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory analysis, in general, has involved the extraction of PM samples with dichloromethane, acetone, n-hexane, or a mixture of these solvents. The total concentration of PAHs has generally been determined by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Chai et al, 2017;Mo et al, 2019;Ohura et al, 2019;Soltani et al, 2019;Zhang, 2012;Zhu et al, 2019). These are validated and widely applied methodologies for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of PAHs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could pollution levels, characteristics, sources of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter break the Hu line?

Wu¹,

Shi²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Were the pollution levels, characteristics and sources of PAHs related to the population and GDP on both sides of the Hu line? What was the relationship between them? The study summarizes and discusses available data for PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from 93 above prefecture-level cities in China in 2000-2019. The results suggested that the concentration of PAHs in PM varied with 7 regions of China in descending order: Northeast (NE) > North China (NC) > Northwest (NW) > South China (SC) > Southwest (SE) > Central China (CC) > South China Sea (SCS). Meanwhile, the mean value of carcinogenic PAHs, non-carcinogenic PAHs, PAHs derived from the burning of organic matter, low molecular weight PAHs, medium molecular weight PAHs, and high molecular weight PAHs in 16 priority PAHs was 53.5%, 46.5%, 80.0%, 16.9%, 45.2%, 37.9%, respectively. Moreover, from NW to NC, the content and pollution of PAHs increased with the increase of population and gross domestic product (GDP). From CC to SW and NC, the content and pollution of PAHs increased with the increase of population and the decrease of GDP. From SW to NW and CC to SC, the content and pollution of PAHs increased with the decrease in population and GDP. In part, PAHs pollution, characteristics and sources of atmospheric PM in Chinese cities broke the Hu line of population and GDP. Therefore, these require the promotion of comprehensive measures that will reduce pollution and sources of PAHs in heavily polluted areas.

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PM2.5- and PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the residential area near coal-fired power and steelmaking plants of Taichung City, Taiwan: In vitro-based health risk and source identification

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Chemical Characterization of Marine Aerosols in a South Mediterranean Coastal Area Located in Bou Ismaïl, Algeria

Chemical Characterization of Marine Aerosols in a South Mediterranean Coastal Area Located in Bou Ismaïl, Algeria

Measurement and analysis of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at Singapore's integrated transport hubs (ITH)

Could pollution levels, characteristics, sources of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter break the Hu line?

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