PM2.5 chemical composition and health risks by inhalation near a chemical complex

Alves, Célia; Evtyugina, Margarita; Vicente, Estela D.; Vicente, Ana; Rienda, Ismael Casotti; Campa, Ana M. Sánchez de la; Tomé, Mário; Duarte, Iola F.

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.013

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…As the best 3D-printed material to represent the skull in a recent burr hole study (Dissanayaka et al, 2023), this indicates that from a health and safety perspective, minimal or no respiratory protection is required while drilling this material. While white Note: Ã World Health Organization recommendation for 24-h mean limit Source: Authors' own work 3D-printed skull models for neurosurgical simulation resin and Bone STN did not emit unsafe levels of PM2.5 particles, which are small enough to pass through the lungs and enter the bloodstream, increasing the cardiovascular health risk (Alves et al, 2023), they did emit large quantities of PM10 particles, which are small enough to enter the lungs and cause other serious health effects (Polichetti et al, 2009;Kappos et al, 2004). However, it is important to note that there is significant complexity in particulate matter recommendations, as the duration of exposure is a critical factor, as are other underlying health factors (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2023), this indicates that from a health and safety perspective, minimal or no respiratory protection is required while drilling this material. While white resin and Bone STN did not emit unsafe levels of PM2.5 particles, which are small enough to pass through the lungs and enter the bloodstream, increasing the cardiovascular health risk (Alves et al. , 2023), they did emit large quantities of PM10 particles, which are small enough to enter the lungs and cause other serious health effects (Polichetti et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How safe are 3D-printed skull models for neurosurgical simulation? Measurement of airborne particles and VOCs while burr hole drilling

Dissanayaka,

Alexander,

Carluccio

et al. 2024

RPJ

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Purpose Three-dimensional (3D)printed skulls for neurosurgical training are increasingly being used due to the widespread access to 3D printing technology, their low cost and accuracy, as well as limitations and ethical concerns associated with using human cadavers. However, little is known about the risks of airborne particles or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released while drilling into 3D-printed plastic models. The aim of this study is to assess the level of exposure to airborne contaminants while burr hole drilling. Design/methodology/approach 3D-printed skull samples were produced using three different materials (polyethylene terephthalate glycol [PETG], white resin and BoneSTN) across three different 3D print processes (fused filament fabrication, stereolithography [SLA] and material jetting). A neurosurgeon performed extended burr hole drilling for 10 min on each sample. Spot measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were recorded, and air samples were analysed for approximately 90 VOCs. Findings The particulate matter for PETG was found to be below the threshold value for respirable particles. However, the particulate matter for white resin and BoneSTN was found to be above the threshold value at PM10, which could be harmful for long periods of exposure without personal protective equipment (PPE). The VOC measurements for all materials were found to be below safety thresholds, and therefore not harmful. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the safety of 3D-printed materials for burr hole surgical drilling. It recommends PETG as a safe material requiring minimal respiratory control measures, whereas resin-based materials will require safety controls to deal with airborne particles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How safe are 3D-printed skull models for neurosurgical simulation? Measurement of airborne particles and VOCs while burr hole drilling

Dissanayaka,

Alexander,

Carluccio

et al. 2024

RPJ

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“…14 Typically, the concentrations of OPAHs are higher than those of NPAHs, APAHs, and OH-PAHs. In Estarreja, Portugal, the highest levels of PM 2.5 -bound OPAHs have been recorded (142.6 ng/m 3 ), 15 and next is Xingtai, Hebei Province, China (62.7 ng/m 3 ). 16 Thessaloniki, Greece, has the lowest concentration of PM 2.5 -bound OPAHs (0.09 ng/m 3 ).…”

Section: Concentration Of Pah Derivatives In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 In addition, the study found that the abundant APAHs in the atmosphere are mainly C1-to C3-naphthalenes, C1-and C2fluorenes, and C1-and C3-fluoranthenes. 15,33 The gas/particle distribution has been studied which suggests the PAH derivatives can coexist in the gas phase and particle phase. 34 It is reported that the proportion of PAHs in the gas phase is 69−79%, while the proportions of APAHs, OPAHs, and NPAHs are 42−46%, 19−24%, and 34−40%, respectively.…”

Section: Concentration Of Pah Derivatives In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Exposure Pathways on Tissue Distribution and Health Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives

et al. 2023

Environ. Health

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The oxygen (OPAHs), nitro (NPAHs), hydroxyl (OH-PAHs), and alkylated (APAHs) derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment. The concentrations of NPAHs, OPAHs, OH-PAHs, and APAHs are lower than that of PAHs in the environment, but the carcinogenic abilities of the derivatives are usually 10 to 1,000-fold higher than that of parent PAHs. There are three main pathways for the exposure of polycyclic aromatic compounds to humans, including inhalation, direct contact, and ingestion. After exposure by inhalation, they are mainly distributed in the lungs, affecting lung function and causing inflammation, asthma, etc. Due to the digestive system’s strong capacity for metabolism, intake of PAHs and the derivatives is primarily distributed in the digestive system and metabolized there. And it may lead to dysplasia of these organs and even to cancer. The skin is the primary site of direct contact with PAH derivatives. PAH derivatives can enter the bloodstream through all three contact pathways, thereby accumulating in various organs. This study aimed to summarize the influence of exposure pathways on tissue distribution and the health impact of PAH derivatives to provide references for future research and evaluation on public health.

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Simplified Gaussian Model at Ground Level and PM10 Effluent of Industry Plumes, South Pan-American Highway, Pisco

Córdova-Mendoza,

Barrios-Mendoza,

Peña-Casas

et al. 2024

Environmental Science and Engineering

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PM2.5 chemical composition and health risks by inhalation near a chemical complex

Cited by 45 publications

References 83 publications

How safe are 3D-printed skull models for neurosurgical simulation? Measurement of airborne particles and VOCs while burr hole drilling

How safe are 3D-printed skull models for neurosurgical simulation? Measurement of airborne particles and VOCs while burr hole drilling

Influence of Exposure Pathways on Tissue Distribution and Health Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives

Simplified Gaussian Model at Ground Level and PM10 Effluent of Industry Plumes, South Pan-American Highway, Pisco

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