PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities

Maji, Kamal Jyoti; Ye, Weifeng; Arora, Mohit; Nagendra, S.M. Shiva

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.024

Cited by 247 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In brief, VE had the most significant effect on PM 2.5 concentrations among these related factors, which means controlling motor vehicle pollutant emissions is an important measure to reduce PM 2.5 pollution in China. As the largest developing country all over the world, China is suffering seriously from the damage caused by PM 2.5 pollution, which was linked with 0.964 million to 1.258 million deaths each year [59]. The sustainable development policy has been actively promoted by the Chinese government in recent years, which is plagued by severe PM 2.5 pollution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities

Zhao

2019

Sustainability

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Haze pollution has become an urgent environmental problem due to its impact on the environment as well as human health. PM2.5 is one of the core pollutants which cause haze pollution in China. Existing studies have rarely taken a comprehensive view of natural environmental conditions and socio-economic factors to figure out the cause and diffusion mechanism of PM2.5 pollution. This paper selected both natural environmental conditions (precipitation (PRE), wind speed (WIN), and terrain relief (TR)) and socio-economic factors (human activity intensity of land surface (HAILS), the secondary industry's proportion (SEC), and the total particulate matter emissions of motor vehicles (VE)) to analyze the effects on the spatial variation of PM2.5 concentrations. Based on the spatial panel data of 289 cities in China in 2015, we used spatial statistical methods to visually describe the spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 pollution; secondly, the spatial agglomeration state of PM2.5 pollution was characterized by Moran’s I; finally, several regression models were used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between PM2.5 pollution and the selected explanatory variables. Results from this paper confirm that in 2015, most cities in China suffered from severe PM2.5 pollution, and only 17.6% of the sample cities were up to standard. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in China were particularly significant in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Results from the global regression models suggest that WIN exerts the most significant effects on decreasing PM2.5 concentration (p < 0.01), while VE is the most critical driver of increasing PM2.5 concentration (p < 0.01). Results from the local regression model show reliable evidence that the relation between PM2.5 concentrations and the explanatory variables varied differently over space. VE is the most critical factor that influences PM2.5 concentrations, which means controlling motor vehicle pollutant emissions is an effective measure to reduce PM2.5 pollution in Chinese cities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities

Zhao

2019

Sustainability

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“…Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that exposures to PM 2.5 is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Maji et al reported that the PM 2.5 ‐related total cardiovascular disease‐specific hospital admission morbidity was 0.364 million in 2016 in China . Hypertension, regards as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has also been confirmed to be linked to PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM_2.5 upregulates rat mesenteric arteries 5‐HT_2A receptor via inflammatory‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinases signaling pathway

Wang

Cao

Shen

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important environmental risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the effects of PM2.5 on arteries. The present study investigated whether PM2.5 alters 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptor expression and inflammatory mediators on rat mesenteric arteries, and examined the underlying mechanisms. Isolated rat mesenteric arteries segments were cultured with PM2.5 in the presence or absence of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 pathway inhibitors. Contractile reactivity was monitored by a sensitive myograph. The expression of 5‐HT2A/1B receptors and inflammatory mediators were studied by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction and/or by immunohistochemistry. The phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway was detected by Western blot. Compared with the fresh or culture alone groups, 1.0 μg/mL PM2.5 cultured for 16 hours significantly enhanced contractile response induced by 5‐HT and increased 5‐HT2A receptor mRNA and protein expressions, indicating PM2.5 upregulates 5‐HT2A receptor. SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) significantly decreased PM2.5‐induced elevated contraction and mRNA and protein expression of 5‐HT2A receptor. Cultured with PM2.5 significantly increased the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators (NOS2, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α), while SB203580 decreased mRNA expression level of NOS2, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) decreased mRNA expression level of TNF‐α and IL‐1β. After PM2.5 exposure, the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 protein were increased. SB203580 and U0126 inhibited the PM2.5 caused increased phosphorylation protein of p38 and ERK1/2. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces inflammatory‐mediated MAPK pathway in artery which subsequently results in enhanced vascular contraction responding to 5‐HT via the upregulated 5‐HT2A receptors.

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“…As the air pollutant that attracts most attention, PM 2.5 and its effect have been widely studied (Xie et al 2016, Hao et al 2018, Maji et al 2018, Zheng et al 2019. Here, we introduce thermal inversion as a good instrument (table 2, model (5)) for working out the impact of PM 2.5 , since the GLS model for PM 2.5 shows a negative effect on outflows (table 2, model (2)).…”

Section: The Effect Of Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Escaping from pollution: the effect of air quality on inter-city population mobility in China

Cui

Wang

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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China faces severe air pollution issues due to the rapid growth of the economy, causing concerns for human physical and mental health as well as behavioral changes. Such adverse impacts can be mediated by individual avoidance behaviors such as traveling from polluted cities to cleaner ones. This study utilizes smartphone-based location data and instrumental variable regression to try and find out how air quality affects population mobility. Our results confirm that air quality does affect the population outflows of cities. An increase of 100 points in the air quality index will cause a 49.60% increase in population outflow, and a rise of 1 μg m −3 in PM 2.5 may cause a 0.47% rise in population outflow. Air pollution incidents can drive people to leave their cities 3 days or a week later by railway or road. The effect is heterogeneous among workdays, weekends and holidays. Our results imply that air quality management can be critical for urban tourism and environmental competitiveness.

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PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities

Cited by 247 publications

References 81 publications

Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities

Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities

PM_2.5 upregulates rat mesenteric arteries 5‐HT_2A receptor via inflammatory‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinases signaling pathway

Escaping from pollution: the effect of air quality on inter-city population mobility in China

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PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities

Cited by 247 publications

References 81 publications

Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities

Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities

PM2.5 upregulates rat mesenteric arteries 5‐HT2A receptor via inflammatory‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinases signaling pathway

Escaping from pollution: the effect of air quality on inter-city population mobility in China

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PM_2.5 upregulates rat mesenteric arteries 5‐HT_2A receptor via inflammatory‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinases signaling pathway