PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: Spain (18th April 2020)

Ser, Hooi‐Leng; Letchumanan, Vengadesh; Law, Jodi Woan‐Fei; Tan, Loh Teng‐Hern; Mutalib, Nurul Syakima Ab; Lee, Learn‐Han

doi:10.36877/pmmb.a0000074

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…SAR-CoV-2 becomes the first coronavirus which causes a pandemic. On 13 th March, Europe became the epicentre of the pandemic [4] with more reported cases and deaths than the rest of the world combined, excluding China, reported by Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Director-General of WHO).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: United Kingdom (22nd April 2020)

Tan¹,

Letchumanan²,

Ser³

et al. 2020

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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COVID-19 has greatly impacted the world and posed an enormous public health threat. The United Kingdom is hit harder by the COVID-19 crisis than any other European countries, besides Italy, Spain and France. The UK government has come under heavy criticism for its response to COVID-19, with lack of preparedness, shortages of personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing. Despite the lockdown is in place to slow the spread of COVID-19, UK death toll continues to surge. As of 21st April 2020, more than 120,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 16,000 deaths had been recorded in UK.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: United Kingdom (22nd April 2020)

Tan¹,

Letchumanan²,

Ser³

et al. 2020

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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“…There has been a rapid development of a COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic to protect the health of millions worldwide. A variety of strategies have been implemented in many countries to prevent the virus’s spread [ 6 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Wearing a face mask when going out and practicing good hygiene by hand washing using soap and water or hand sanitizer have been highly recommended, along with avoiding crowded areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Insights into Potential Vaccines

et al. 2021

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People around the world ushered in the new year 2021 with a fear of COVID-19, as family members have lost their loved ones to the disease. Millions of people have been infected, and the livelihood of many has been jeopardized due to the pandemic. Pharmaceutical companies are racing against time to develop an effective vaccine to protect against COVID-19. Researchers have developed various types of candidate vaccines with the release of the genetic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in January. These include inactivated viral vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and recombinant viral vector vaccines. To date, several vaccines have been authorized for emergency use and they have been administered in countries across the globe. Meanwhile, there are also vaccine candidates in Phase III clinical trials awaiting results and approval from authorities. These candidates have shown positive results in the previous stages of the trials, whereby they could induce an immune response with minimal side effects in the participants. This review aims to discuss the different vaccine platforms and the clinical trials of the candidate vaccines.

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“…Pathogens are various organisms that cause severe illnesses to their hosts, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Among the various illnesses, respiratory infections represent the largest category of human disease and the leading cause of mortality globally [12][13][14][15][16] . Apart from the pneumonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis as one of the most significant outbreaks in human history, Legionella is another pathogenic bacteria that were discovered from investigations of an epidemic of a mysterious pneumonia outbreak in Philadelphia in 1976 [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella pneumophila — The causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease

Tan¹,

Tee²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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Over the years, Legionella pneumophila has increasingly become a public health threat that causes sporadic and epidemic community-acquired and nosocomial-acquired pneumonia. Thus, this review aims to discuss the current knowledge of L. pneumophila, focusing on the global epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Legionnaires’ disease (LD). Legionella bacteria are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. L. pneumophila was first discovered in 1976 and recognized as the causative agent of LD. L. pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects and replicates within eukaryotic host cells such as macrophages and protozoan. Diagnosis of LD remains a significant challenge as the clinical manifestation of LD is hardly distinguishable from pneumonia caused by other respiratory pathogens. Therefore, early testing and appropriate treatment are keys to alleviating the rising morbidity and mortality caused by LD.

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PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: Spain (18th April 2020)

Abstract:

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: United Kingdom (22nd April 2020)

PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: United Kingdom (22nd April 2020)

COVID-19: Insights into Potential Vaccines

Legionella pneumophila — The causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease

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