PMU-based dynamic state estimation for electric power systems

Farantatos, Evangelos; Stefopoulos, George; Cokkinides, G.J.; Meliopoulos, A. P. Sakis

doi:10.1109/pes.2009.5275407

Cited by 73 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The proposed setting-less protection is based on not only the Kirchhoff's current law, but also other physical laws (e.g., Kirchhoff's voltage law or Faraday's law) relevant to the protection zone. Dynamic characteristics of components enable the proposed method to analyze transient phenomena by means of the dynamic state estimation [7], [8] and, thus, the proposed method can detect any violation of physical laws based on the component dynamic model and real-time measurement data.…”

Section: The Proposed Protection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting-less transformer protection for ensuring security and dependability

Choi

Meliopoulos

2016

Electr Eng

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The "setting-less" protection approach is an innovative protection scheme with increased dependability and security. This method is based on dynamic state estimation, which continuously extracts the operating condition of a protection zone from real-time measurements and the protection zone dynamic model. The dynamic state estimation computes the probability that the measurements fit the dynamic model of the protection zone within the measurement accuracy via the Chi-square test. The probability represents the goodness of fit of measurements to the dynamic model of the protection zone. We refer to it as the confidence level that the protection zone is healthy. High confidence levels imply that the protection zone operates normally, while low confidence levels indicate that internal abnormalities/faults may have occurred. Note that the proposed method does not require coordination with other protection schemes which sometimes compromise security and/or dependability. In this paper, the setting-less protection approach is described and applied to transformer protection. The feasibility of the setting-less transformer protection is verified with numerical experiments of several case studies (e.g., transformer energization, external faults, internal faults, and high impedance faults). The method has been verified in the laboratory and there are plans for field testing.

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Section: The Proposed Protection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting-less transformer protection for ensuring security and dependability

Choi

Meliopoulos

2016

Electr Eng

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“…It is assumed that a PMU is available to acquire measurements of the voltage phasor and frequency at the bus, as well as current phasors on the incident lines. In the literature, the feasibility to estimate the dynamic states of a synchronous machine using PMU data has been shown . Therefore, in this research, for generators where PMUs are installed, the rotor speed ω can be determined from the bus frequency measured by PMU, and the rotor angle Δ can be obtained using the generator equivalent circuit

\overset{E}{true}' = E' ∠ normalΔ = \overset{U}{true} + \overset{I}{true} ((), R + j X'_{d})

where

\overset{E}{true}'

represents the generator transient internal voltage phasor, R and X ' d are generator internal resistance and transient reactance.…”

Section: Real‐time Observability Monitoring Of Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observability of nonlinear power system dynamics using synchrophasor data

Wang

Liu

Bhatt

et al. 2015

Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst.

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Summary The increasing availability of high‐resolution, synchronized measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs) presents an opportunity to monitor power system dynamics in real time. However, the degree of observability of power system dynamics depends upon the power system states monitored by the PMUs. This paper presents a new algorithm to assess the observability level of rotor angle dynamics, based on PMU locations and monitored states. An observability index is proposed, which can be tracked along the trajectory of system states over time. To overcome the difficulty in calculation of high‐order derivatives, an automatic differentiation technique is applied for observability calculation of large‐scale systems. The proposed observability algorithms and techniques are validated on a 179‐bus system. The proposed method is also helpful in identifying locations where PMUs should be installed for effective observability of nonlinear power system dynamics. This synchrophasor based observability monitoring method serves as a basis for control schemes that require knowledge of power system dynamics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Hence, the objective function (12) is considered with both measurement and prediction residuals, with a solution derived already in (13). This attribute shows that an optimization would not be required as the solution is obtained with a simple calculation.…”

Section: A Three-bus Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power System Dynamic State Estimation With Synchronized Phasor Measurements

Aminifar¹,

Shahidehpour

Fotuhi‐Firuzabad³

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

118

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The dynamic state estimation (DSE) applied to power systems with synchrophasor measurements would estimate the system's true state based on measurements and predictions. In this application, as phasor measurement units (PMUs) are not deployed at all power system buses, state predictions would enhance the redundancy of DSE input data. The significance of predicted and measured data in DSE is affected by their confidence levels, which are inversely proportional to the corresponding variances. In practice, power system states may undergo drastic changes during hourly load fluctuations, component outages, or network switchings. In such conditions, the inclusion of predicted values could degrade the power system state estimation. This paper presents a mixed-integer programming formulation of DSE that is capable of simultaneously discarding predicted values whenever sudden changes in the system state are detected. This feature enhances the DSE computation and will not require iterative executions. The proposed model accommodates systemwide synchronized measurements of PMUs, which could be of interest to smart grid applications in energy management systems. The voltage phasors at buses without PMUs are calculated via voltage and current measurements of adjacent buses, which are referred to as indirect measurements. The guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement is used for computing the confidence level of indirect measurements based on uncertainties associated with PMU measurements as well as with transmission line parameters. Simulation studies are conducted on an illustrative three-bus example and the IEEE 57-bus power system, and the performance of the proposed model is thoroughly discussed.

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PMU-based dynamic state estimation for electric power systems

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Setting-less transformer protection for ensuring security and dependability

Setting-less transformer protection for ensuring security and dependability

Observability of nonlinear power system dynamics using synchrophasor data

Power System Dynamic State Estimation With Synchronized Phasor Measurements

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