Pneumocephalus: A Rare Complication of Sinusitis in a Pediatric Patient

Abstract

Pneumocephalus is uncommon, mostly arising as a result of surgery, trauma, infection, or neoplasm. Spontaneous occurrence is extremely rare and few case studies have been published. Pneumocephalus may also present as a complication of sinusitis and is a potential emergency. It is necessary to make a prompt diagnosis in order to direct treatment toward the underlying cause. Although usually asymptomatic, pneumocephalus can lead to tension pneumocephalus or septic meningitis as the result of infection from bacteria. We present a case of spontaneous, non-traumatic pneumocephalus in the setting of pansinusitis in a pediatric patient. Our aim is to briefly discuss the etiology and emergency department evaluation and management of patients with pneumocephalus.