Pneumococcal antibodies and complement during and after periods of recurrent otitis

Prellner, Karin; Kalm, Olof; Pedersen, Freddy Karup

doi:10.1016/s0165-5876(84)80052-x

Cited by 69 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Children with ROM or persistent OME have been shown also to exhibit insufficient antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides of type 6A and 19F [4], P6 protein of NTHi [5,6], and CD protein of M. catarrhalis [8], and the poor response to these antigens has been attributed to their weak immunogenicity [26]. The anti-LTA antibody level showed only one hundredth fold levels of anti-whole cell body antibody, which concurred with results shown elsewhere [27,28], suggesting that the immunogenicity of LTA may be weak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective immunologic failures against Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella (M.) catarrhalis have been investigated widely in young children with recurrent acute otitis media (ROM) [4][5][6][7] and with persistent otitis media with effusion (OME) [8,9]. Lower antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharides of type 6A and 19F has been demonstrated in infants and children with ROM [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharides of type 6A and 19F has been demonstrated in infants and children with ROM [4]. Our previous studies showed the failure of systemic and nasopharyngeal antibody responses as well as lower cellular immune response of adenoidal lymphocytes to P6 outer membrane protein of NTHi in children with ROM [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased serum and pharyngeal antibody levels specific to streptococcal lipoteichoic acid in children with recurrent tonsillitis

Yokoyama¹,

Harabuchi²

2002

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Objective: Streptococcus (S.) pyogenes is common causes of primary as well as recurrent tonsillitis (RT). Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) has been proposed as a possible candidate for vaccine formulation against streptococcal infections, because LTA is a common constituent of streptococci and the antibody to LTA inhibits bacterial attachment to epithelial cells in vitro. Streptolysin-O and streptococcal whole cell body are highly immunogenic and the antibodies to these antigens are reported to be better parameters for streptococcal infections The objective of the present study is to investigate how systemic and local immune activities against S. pyogenes may be associated with RT. Methods: Sera from 178 children with or without RT aged 1-15 years with a median age of 5 years were investigated for the levels of total immunoglobulins and antibodies specific to streptococcal antigens such as whole cell body, LTA, and streptolysin-O. Pharyngeal secretions from 67 children with or without RT aged 2-14 years with a median age of 6 years were subjects to secretory IgA (SIgA) antibody levels to streptococcal LTA. The antibodies to whole cell body and LTA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total immunoglobins and the antistreptolysin-O antibody were assayed by nephelometry. Results: An age-matched comparison revealed that either levels of serum IgG antibody or pharyngeal SIgA antibody to streptococcal LTA at 2-5 years of age were significantly lower in RT children than in non-RT children (1.39 vs. 5.14 µg/ml, p=0.001; 10.6 vs. 29.9 units/ng/ml total SIgA, p=0.015; respectively) and correlated inversely to episodes of tonsillitis (r=-0.242, p=0.024; r=-0.3, p=0.024; respectively). Either serum total immunoglobulin levels of IgG or IgA correlated positively to episodes of tonsillitis in children aged 2-5 years(r=0. 293, p=0.011; r=0.361, p=0.002; respectively). No difference was found on either serum levels of IgG antibody to streptococcal whole cell body or antibody to streptolysin-O between RT and non-RT children in any Yokoyama Y. -3-age-matched comparisons. High serum antibody levels to whole cell body was associated with high antibody levels to streptococcal LTA in non-RT children (r=0.198, p<0.05), but no association was found between these antibody levels in RT children. Conclusions:Selective immunologic failure in systemic and pharyngeal antibody response to streptococcal LTA may be a potential cause of RT in young children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased serum and pharyngeal antibody levels specific to streptococcal lipoteichoic acid in children with recurrent tonsillitis

Yokoyama¹,

Harabuchi²

2002

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…Because mortality due to LRTI (Schluger 2010) is more prevalent than that due to intracranial spread of middle ear infection (Monasta et al 2012, WHO 2004 First the pathogens causing rAOM are the same as those causing AOM (Pichichero 2000), but children prone to rAOM experience nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation more frequently (Faden et al 1991, Harabuchi et al 1994 and with higher density (Stenfors & Raisanen 1992), although this may also be found in children with COME (Marchisio et al 2003)). Quantitative or qualitative defects in plasma immunoglobulins have been found in some, but not all, of those with rAOM (Freijd et al 1984, Freijd et al 1985, Harsten et al 1989, Hotomi et al 1999, Prellner et al 1984b, Stenfors & Raisanen 1993, Yamanaka & Faden 1993.…”

Section: Susceptibility To Raommentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Otitis Media: A Review, and a Model to Explain High Prevalence in Indigenous Populations

Bhutta¹

2015

Human Biology

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Inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media) comprises a group of disorders that are highly prevalent in childhood, and indeed are amongst the most common disorders of childhood. Otitis media is also heritable, and has effects on fecundity. This means that otitis media is subject to evolution, yet the evolutionary selection forces that may determine susceptibility to otitis media have never been adequately explored.Here I undertake a critical analysis of evolutionary forces that may determine susceptibility to middle ear inflammation. These forces include those determining function of the middle ear, those affecting host immunity, and those affecting colonization by, and pathogenicity of bacteria. I review existing mathematical evolutionary models of host-pathogen interaction and co-evolution, and apply these to develop a better understanding of the complex evolutionary landscape of middle ear infection and inflammation in humans. This includes an understanding of factors Pre--print version. Visit http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/ after 1 October 2015 to acquire the final version.2 determining the transition between stable evolutionary strategies for host and bacterial pathogens. This understanding will be later applied to analysis of otitis media in indigenous populations.In the second part of this article, I apply the approach of population genetics to devise a new theory for the high prevalence of otitis media in certain indigenous populations: the Australian Aborigine, the Native American, the Inuit, and the Maori.I suggest that high prevalence in such groups may have occurred as a result of colonization of these previously isolated populations by European immigrants in the 15 th and 16 th Centuries. This exposed them to new strains of bacteria to which their immune system had not evolved immunity, perturbing a previously stable hostpathogen co-evolutionary state.

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“…Furthermore, AOM-associated immune responses to the major pathogens of AOM have been shown both in serum and in the middle ear [9][10][11], and the appearance of pathogen-specific serum and MEF antibodies has been associated with better recovery of AOM [12][13][14][15][16]. Additionally, an association between decreased immunoglobulin levels and recurrent AOM has been found in some cases [17,18]. Finally, the specific serum antibodies have been shown to protect from AOM both experimentally [19,20] and in children [21].…”

Section: Rationale For Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination and Otitis media

Karma

2002

ORL

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Acute otitis media (AOM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis may induce specific systemic and/or local immune responses, which may protect from otitis media caused by the same bacteria. However, earlier clinical trials with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines have not been successful in preventing AOM. Recently developed pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugates proved immunogenic even in infants, and a heptavalent pneumococcal CRM 197 conjugate vaccine gave a 57% reduction in the number of pneumococcal AOM episodes caused by the vaccine serotypes in infants in Finland. H. influenzae causing AOM is noncapsulated, and like M. catarrhalis, calls for another kind of vaccine development. Suitable vaccine candidates are not yet available but are under development and being tested for immunogenicity and safety. In some trials influenza vaccines have shown protection from AOM during respective viral epidemics. Passive immunoprophylaxis might be an important alternative for immunocompromised children, although this approach has not been successful so far. Mucosal immunization and the advent of DNA and gene technology will open new interesting prospects in the future.

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Pneumococcal antibodies and complement during and after periods of recurrent otitis

Cited by 69 publications

References 21 publications

Decreased serum and pharyngeal antibody levels specific to streptococcal lipoteichoic acid in children with recurrent tonsillitis

Decreased serum and pharyngeal antibody levels specific to streptococcal lipoteichoic acid in children with recurrent tonsillitis

Evolution and Otitis Media: A Review, and a Model to Explain High Prevalence in Indigenous Populations

Vaccination and Otitis media

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