Pneumococcal antigens and serum antibody responses in experimentally induced sinusitis

Westrin, Karl Magnus; Freijd, Anders; Stierna, Pontus

doi:10.1007/bf00192257

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the histology and time course of the infections are similar. In their model the course of inflammation peaks at 2 weeks and then dissipates with return to a nearly normal appearance by 6 weeks, as is the case in the present model 12‐20 . The time course, however, has been found to vary with the infecting pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…This change led to more severe, longer‐lasting inflammation and the development of systemic antibodies to B. fragilis . Westrin et al 19 also studied the antibody response to the original model using Streptococcus pneumoniae . They observed a rise in titers within the first 2 weeks and correlated the rate of rise to the severity of the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Sinusitis in the Rabbit: A New Rhinogenic Model

Marks

1997

The Laryngoscope

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The objective of this study was to create a rhinogenic model of sinusitis using an implanted foreign body in the nasal cavity of the rabbit. The study design was a prospective controlled trial of the experimental design. In this model an obstructing foreign body was placed into the nasal cavity and then impregnated with pathogenic bacteria. This model was studied histologically using whole-mount techniques. Quantitative assessment of the degree of inflammation was made for the maxillary and ethmoid sinus and for overall effect for each animal. Bacteriologic study was performed in a limited number of animals. The results indicated that a significant infection develops in about half of animals. This peaks in intensity between 1 and 2 weeks after implantation and subsequently subsides with some evidence of long-term changes present after 4 weeks. It is concluded that this is a viable and perhaps preferable animal model to study sinusitis. Further investigation is necessary to completely characterize this model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Sinusitis in the Rabbit: A New Rhinogenic Model

Marks

1997

The Laryngoscope

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“…or Escherichia coli [15]. Experimentally, rabbits infected with pneumococci showed a resolving sinusitis accompanied by rising pneumococcal antibodies [20]. Mild local and occasional febrile reactions were rare and only local side effects were recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin deficiency and determination of pneumococcal antibody titers in patients with therapy-refractory recurrent rhinosinusitis

May

Zielen

Ilberg

et al. 1999

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology

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We examined 245 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis not responding to prolonged antibiotic treatment and tested each patient for humoral antibody deficiencies. Low immunoglobulin levels were found in 22 patients. Five of them had defects of two or more immunoglobulin isotypes that were diagnosed as common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). Seventeen had an IgG-subclass deficiency. Before and after immunization with pneumococcal vaccine, serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody levels were determined to further evaluate the relevance of the underlying deficiency. Significantly reduced antibody titers of pneumococcal serotypes were found in CVI patients (n = 5), while immunization of 17 patients with IgG-subclass deficiency gave different results. Three of the 17 patients responded poorly to pneumococcal immunization and were prone to a polysaccharide specific immunodeficiency. Patients with CVI or IgG-subclass deficiency failing to produce protective antibody levels in more than five serotypes were chosen for antibiotic and/or immunoglobulin substitution therapy. Since recurrent sinusitis in these patients did not resolve with adequate conservative therapy, endonasal microsurgery was then performed and was seen to be a valuable therapeutic option. Our study suggests that an IgG-subclass deficiency may be the first sign of a basic immunological change, resulting in persisting sinus infections.

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“…They also examined the immune response to infection and noted the development of antibodies to the pathogenic bacteria, with titers correlating with the severity of the infection. Moreover, they were able to create a more severe, longer lasting infection by injecting Bacteroides fragilis , which allowed them to study the effects of inflammation over a longer period of time . Min et al used this model to study the effect of opening the obstructed ostium and found that doing so would significantly reduce the severity of the inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for the study of nasal and sinus physiology in health and disease: A review of the literature

Al-Sayed

Agu

Massoud

2017

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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ObjectiveChronic sinusitis is a very common yet poorly understood medical condition with significant morbidity. Hence, it remains an entity that is difficult to treat with unsatisfactory outcomes of current management options. This necessitates research into the etiology and pathophysiology of the condition to enhance our knowledge and the therapeutic options. Unfortunately, this kind of research is not always feasible on human subjects due to practical and ethical limitations. Therefore, an alternative model that simulates the disease had to be found in order to overcome these limitations. These models could either be in vivo or in vitro. The aim of our review is to summarize the research findings and key discoveries of both in vivo and in vitro models of chronic sinusitis that have enhanced our understanding of the condition today and have paved the way for the future research of tomorrow. Data Sources: PubMed literature review.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted to identify the main successful in vivo and in vitro models for chronic sinusitis.ResultsCreating a successful model for chronic sinusitis is no easy task. Over the years, both in vivo animal models and in vitro tissue culture models were proposed, with each model having its accolades and pitfalls, with the ideal model remaining elusive to this day. However, advancing three‐dimensional cell culturing techniques seems to be a promising new way to find a more accurate model.ConclusionNone of the current models is perfect for a thorough study of chronic sinusitis. However, three‐dimensional cell cultures have the potential to bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro studies.Level of EvidenceNA

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Pneumococcal antigens and serum antibody responses in experimentally induced sinusitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Acute Sinusitis in the Rabbit: A New Rhinogenic Model

Acute Sinusitis in the Rabbit: A New Rhinogenic Model

Immunoglobulin deficiency and determination of pneumococcal antibody titers in patients with therapy-refractory recurrent rhinosinusitis

Models for the study of nasal and sinus physiology in health and disease: A review of the literature

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