Pneumococcal colonization and severity of pneumonia in hospitalized Cambodian children following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Miliya, Thyl; Soputhy, Chansovannara; Leab, Phana; Tan, Pisey; Sao, Sena; Heffelfinger, James D.; Nyambat, Batmunkh; Ork, Vichit; Hossain, Md. Shafiqul; Day, Nicholas P. J.; Turner, Claudia; Turner, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.005

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…This study found that 3 out of 35 children (8.6%) had low birth weight (LBW) and 4 out of 35 children (11.4%) were premature. Chen (2021) found that LBW and prematurity are significant factors influencing pneumonia severity in children due to an underdeveloped immune system and respiratory system, making them more vulnerable to severe health issues 14,17 .…”

Section: Exposure To Cigarette Smoke and Severity Of Pneumonia In Chi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of pneumonia severity in children: Basic immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding and cigarette smoke exposure

Pionera Seconda Giyanti Putri,

Astika Gita Ningrum,

Isnin Anang Marhana

2024

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading infectious diseases causing death in children under five, following diarrhea. Pneumonia has resulted in the deaths of 740,180 children under five in Indonesia. Various factors can exacerbate the severity of pneumonia in children, such as basic immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding, and exposure to cigarette smoke. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between basic immunization status, history of exclusive breastfeeding, and exposure to cigarette smoke with the severity of pneumonia in children under five. Methods: This research was conducted using an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The dependent variable is the severity of pneumonia. The independent variables are basic immunization status, history of exclusive breastfeeding, and exposure to cigarette smoke. The study sample comprised 35 children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, selected using consecutive sampling techniques. The research was conducted in the Seruni ward of Soewandhie Hospital, Surabaya, utilizing medical records and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test and Chi-square with a 95% CI (α = 0.05). Results: The majority of children experienced "pneumonia," with 23 children (65.7%). Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between basic immunization status (p=0.632), history of exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.530), and exposure to cigarette smoke (p=0.618) with the severity of pneumonia in children under five. Conclusion: There is no relationship between basic immunization status, history of exclusive breastfeeding, and exposure to cigarette smoke with the severity of pneumonia in children under five at Soewandhie Hospital.

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Section: Exposure To Cigarette Smoke and Severity Of Pneumonia In Chi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of pneumonia severity in children: Basic immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding and cigarette smoke exposure

Pionera Seconda Giyanti Putri,

Astika Gita Ningrum,

Isnin Anang Marhana

2024

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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Pneumococcal serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in children in South and Southeast Asia, 2012–2024

Lin,

Chiu,

Woo

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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This narrative review describes pneumococcal serotype prevalence for invasive disease and carriage and antibiotic resistance among specimens collected from children in countries across South and Southeast Asia from 2012 to 2024. Literature search retrieved 326 articles; 96 were included. The prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes varied geographically and over time after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Serotypes common in both pneumococcal carriage and disease were 6A, 6B, 14, 15B/15C, 19F, and 23F; serotypes 1, 3, 5, 19A, 15A, 10A, and 35B were also common in disease. Most of these serotypes are included in the 13-valent and 10-valent PCV. Carriage and disease isolates remained generally highly susceptible to vancomycin (mostly 100%) and levofloxacin (mostly >97%). These findings indicate that vaccine-preventable serotypes contribute significantly to pneumococcal disease burden in children in South and Southeast Asia. Consistency of national immunization programs with World Health Organization recommendations may reduce rates of pneumococcal disease in this region.

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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease After 2 Decades of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use

Yildirim,

Lapidot,

Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb

et al. 2023

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVES We sought to describe the evolving epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children in Massachusetts, United States, over the last 2 decades during which sequential 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7) and 13-valent PCVs (PCV13) were implemented. METHODS Cases of IPD in children aged <18 years were detected between 2002 and 2021 through an enhanced population-based, statewide surveillance system. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from normally sterile sites were serotyped and evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility. IPD incidence rates and rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS We identified 1347 IPD cases. Incidence of IPD in children aged <18 years declined 72% over 2 decades between 2002 and 2021 (incidence rate ratios 0.28, 95% CI 0.18–0.45). IPD rates continued to decline after replacement of PCV7 with PCV13 (incidence rate ratios 0.25, 95% CI 0.16–0.39, late PCV7 era [2010] versus late PCV13 era [2021]). During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic years, 2020 to 2021, the rate of IPD among children aged <18 years reached 1.6 per 100 000, the lowest incidence observed over the 20 years. In PCV13 era, approximately one-third of the IPD cases in children aged >5 years had at least 1 underlying condition (98, 30.3%). Serotypes 19A and 7F contributed 342 (48.9%) of all cases before implementation of PCV13 (2002–2010). Serotype 3 (31, 8.6%), and non-PCV13 serotypes 15B/C (39, 10.8%), 33F (29, 8.0%), 23B (21, 0.8%), and 35B (17, 4.7%) were responsible for 37.8% of cases in PCV13 era (2011–2021). Penicillin nonsusceptibility continued to decline (9.8% vs 5.3% in pre-/late PCV13 era, P = .003), however has become more common among non-PCV13 serotypes compared with vaccine serotypes (14.8% vs 1.4%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Robust ongoing surveillance networks are critical for identifying emerging serotypes and development of next-generation vaccine formulations.

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Pneumococcal colonization and severity of pneumonia in hospitalized Cambodian children following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Determinants of pneumonia severity in children: Basic immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding and cigarette smoke exposure

Determinants of pneumonia severity in children: Basic immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding and cigarette smoke exposure

Pneumococcal serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in children in South and Southeast Asia, 2012–2024

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease After 2 Decades of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use

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