Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and pneumococcal common protein vaccines

Klugman, Keith P.; Black, Steven; Dagan, Ron; Malley, Richard; Whitney, Cynthia G.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3611-1.50027-1

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 434 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…nvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major cause of morbidity in very young children and older adults. 1 The 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (23vPPV) has been available in Australia since 1986, and use of it has increased progressively since then. It was recommended and subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for Australians aged у 65 years in 1997, provided free of charge for this group in Victoria from 1998, and included in the nationally funded National Immunisation Program from 2005.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The vaccine's effectiveness against IPD in immunocompetent older people has been estimated as about 70%, 3 but it is generally regarded as not effective in preventing carriage of pneumococcal serotypes against which it is targeted. 1,3 Australia is the only country to have introduced nationally funded programs for the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) for infants and the 23vPPV for older people in the same year (2005). 4 Unlike the 23vPPV, the 7vPCV has been shown to prevent carriage of vaccine serotypes, 1 resulting in herd immunity impacts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in people aged 65 years or older

Menzies

Jayasinghe

Krause³

et al. 2014

Medical Journal of Australia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the 23‐valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (23vPPV) in ≥ 65‐year‐old Australians in the context of concurrent 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) use in infants. Design, patients and setting: Ecological analysis of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notification rates and vaccine effectiveness estimation using the screening method, using data on Australians aged ≥ 65 years (23vPPV funded) and 50–64 years (23vPPV not funded). Intervention: National 23vPPV program for people aged ≥ 65 years and national 7vPCV program for infants, both commencing in 2005. Main outcome measures: IPD incidence rate ratios, 2002–2004 to 2010–2011, and 23vPPV effectiveness against 23vPPV‐type IPD. Results: The proportion of people aged ≥ 65 years who were vaccinated within the previous 5 years in jurisdictions excluding Victoria ranged from 41% to 64% over the study period, with no clear trend over time. Incidence rate ratios in the ≥ 65‐year age group were 0.11 (95% CI, 0.09–0.14) for 7vPCV serotypes, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.41–1.91) for 23vPPV–non‐7vPCV serotypes and 2.07 (95% CI, 1.67–2.57) for non‐23vPPV serotypes. The incidence rate ratio for total IPD was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.59–0.71) for people aged ≥ 65 years, and 0.80 (0.71–0.90) for people aged 50–64 years. The estimate of 23vPPV effectiveness was 61.1% (95% CI, 55.1%–66.9%). Conclusions: The greater reduction in IPD among ≥ 65‐year‐olds compared with 50–64‐year‐olds did not reach statistical significance. However, vaccine effectiveness was significant. Greater reductions in IPD in ≥ 65‐year‐olds would be expected from the indirect effects of using 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants (introduced for Australian infants in 2011) and an increase in 23vPPV coverage.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in people aged 65 years or older

Menzies

Jayasinghe

Krause³

et al. 2014

Medical Journal of Australia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conjugation of the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide to a protein carrier converts it to a T‐cell‐dependent antigen and the PCV establishes a state of immunological priming and memory 6 . This results in substantial enhancement of antibody responses on boosting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Widespread use of PCV may also have an effect on antibiotic‐resistant pneumococci 6 . In many parts of the world, serotypes included in PCV cause most diseases due to resistant strains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, there is a risk of an increase in disease caused by non‐vaccine serotypes in the wake of a reduction in vaccine‐type disease – the so‐called replacement disease. Carriage studies suggest that this replacement phenomenon will probably occur 6 and the important question is whether the replacement serotypes will cause disease as severe as the serotypes they replace. Early reports have indicated that replacement disease may be occurring in regions where the PCV has been introduced 22–24 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation