Pneumococcal <i>licD2</i> gene is involved in phosphorylcholine metabolism

Zhang, Jing-Ren; Idänpään‐Heikkilä, Ilona; Fischer, Werner; Tuomanen, Elaine

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01291.x

Cited by 127 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…A global analysis of surface proteins revealed a major decay in specialized surface proteins (excluding lipoproteins) with a high proportion of pseudogenes (8/13, Supplementary Tables 8-10 online). The lipoprotein class, which includes a large number of Table 9 online) but neither contains the domain necessary for binding to teichoic acids substituted with phosphorylcholine, in line with the lack of the lic gene cluster required for phosphorylcholine metabolism 13 in the S. thermophilus genome. The two S. thermophilus genomes lack genes coding for sortase-anchored surface proteins 14 ; moreover, the single sortase gene itself is a pseudogene.…”

Section: Absence Of Virulence-related Genes In S Thermophilusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete sequence and comparative genome analysis of the dairy bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus

et al. 2004

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The lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus is widely used for the manufacture of yogurt and cheese. This dairy species of major economic importance is phylogenetically close to pathogenic streptococci, raising the possibility that it has a potential for virulence. Here we report the genome sequences of two yogurt strains of S. thermophilus . We found a striking level of gene decay (10% pseudogenes) in both microorganisms. Many genes involved in carbon utilization are nonfunctional, in line with the paucity of carbon sources in milk. Notably, most streptococcal virulence-related genes that are not involved in basic cellular processes are either inactivated or absent in the dairy streptococcus. Adaptation to the constant milk environment appears to have resulted in the stabilization of the genome structure. We conclude that S. thermophilus has evolved mainly through loss-of-function events that remarkably mirror the environment of the dairy niche resulting in a severely diminished pathogenic potential. Supplementary information The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nbt1034) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Absence Of Virulence-related Genes In S Thermophilusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete sequence and comparative genome analysis of the dairy bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus

et al. 2004

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“…Given the above-mentioned absence of TagB or TagF homologues in the S. agalactiae genomes, we predict that the GlucPT using this CDP-glucitol is likely to be SAG1418, as this protein is a member of the LicD family (Table 1). LicD family proteins are strong candidates for the diphosphonucleoside choline transferases of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which transfer phosphorylcholine from CDP-choline to the pneumococcal teichoic acid and H. influenzae LPS, respectively (Zhang et al, 1999;Lysenko et al, 2000). Thus the similarity of the CDP-activated substrate and the phosphoryl group transfer reaction in the activities of LicD family proteins makes SAG1418 a strong candidate for the GlucPT.…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Oligosaccharide Components Of Gbc And Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatic insights into the biosynthesis of the Group B carbohydrate in Streptococcus agalactiae

2008

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“…Choline starvation induces the licD2 gene (spr1152) (7), which is part of a three-gene lic operon and is required for the insertion of one-half of the choline residues into teichoic acids (56). It is located adjacent to another lic operon (spr1145 to spr1149), which is transcribed in the opposite direction and provides more functions in choline metabolism.…”

Section: Vol 188 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

The CiaRH System ofStreptococcus pneumoniaePrevents Lysis during Stress Induced by Treatment with Cell Wall Inhibitors and by Mutations inpbp2xInvolved in β-Lactam Resistance

et al. 2006

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The two-component signal-transducing system CiaRH of Streptococcus pneumoniae plays an important role during the development of beta-lactam resistance in laboratory mutants. We show here that a functional CiaRH system is required for survival under many different lysis-inducing conditions. Mutants with an activated CiaRH system were highly resistant to lysis induced by a wide variety of early and late cell wall inhibitors, such as cycloserine, bacitracin, and vancomycin, and were also less susceptible to these drugs. In contrast, loss-of-function CiaRH mutants were hypersusceptible to these drugs and were apparently unable to maintain a stationary growth phase in normal growth medium and under choline deprivation as well. Moreover, disruption of CiaR in penicillin-resistant mutants with an altered pbp2x gene encoding low-affinity PBP2x resulted in severe growth defects and rapid lysis. This phenotype was observed with pbp2x genes containing point mutations selected in the laboratory and with highly altered mosaic pbp2x genes from penicillin-resistant clinical isolates as well. This documents for the first time that PBP2x mutations required for development of beta-lactam resistance are functionally not neutral and are tolerated only in the presence of the CiaRH system. This might explain why cia mutations have not been observed in penicillin-resistant clinical isolates. The results document that the CiaRH system is required for maintenance of the stationary growth phase and for prevention of autolysis triggered under many different conditions, suggesting a major role for this system in ensuring cell wall integrity.

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Pneumococcal licD2 gene is involved in phosphorylcholine metabolism

Abstract: SummaryPhosphorylcholine is an important bioactive adduct to the teichoic acid (TA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We have identi®ed and characterized a genetic locus lic that is required for phosphorylcholine metabolism in S. pneumoniae.

Cited by 127 publications

References 52 publications

Complete sequence and comparative genome analysis of the dairy bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus

Complete sequence and comparative genome analysis of the dairy bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus

Bioinformatic insights into the biosynthesis of the Group B carbohydrate in Streptococcus agalactiae

The CiaRH System ofStreptococcus pneumoniaePrevents Lysis during Stress Induced by Treatment with Cell Wall Inhibitors and by Mutations inpbp2xInvolved in β-Lactam Resistance

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