Pneumococcal resistance in southwest Virginia

Evans, Thomas G.; Kamara, Abdul; Minnick, K; Blevins, D; Sosnowski, K

doi:10.1128/aac.39.4.985

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Any zone size cutoff of less than 20 mm compromises the sensitivity. This finding is in contrast to that of Evans et al (4), who proposed 9 mm as the cutoff point. Similarly, when the NCCLS cutoff point is strictly followed, disc diffusion was found to be 100% sensitive for detection of co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Causing Childhood Infections in Bangladesh, 1993 to 1997

Saha¹,

Rikitomi

Ruhulamin

et al. 1999

J Clin Microbiol

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Three hundred sixty-two Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated from children under 5 years of age at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from 1993 to 1997. The strains were isolated from blood (n ‫؍‬ 105), CSF (n ‫؍‬ 164), ear swab (n ‫؍‬ 61), eye swab (n ‫؍‬ 20), and pus (n ‫؍‬ 12). Of the 362 isolates, 42 (11.6%) showed intermediate resistance (MIC, <0.1 g/ml) and only 4 (1.1%) showed complete resistance (MIC, >2.0 g/ml) to penicillin. Penicillin resistance exhibited a strong relationship with serotype 14; 47.8% of the penicillinresistant strains belonged to this type. A remarkably high (64.1%) resistance to co-trimoxazole was observed, along with a significant increase during the time period studied; there was no relationship to capsular type. By way of contrast, penicillin resistance did not show any significant change during the study period. Resistance to chloramphenicol (2.2%) and erythromycin (1.1%) was rare. The high resistance to co-trimoxazole and its increasing trend demand elucidation of the clinical impact of pneumonia treatment by this antimicrobial and reconsideration of the World Health Organization recommendation for co-trimoxazole administration to children with community-acquired pneumonia at the health care worker level in Bangladesh.

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Causing Childhood Infections in Bangladesh, 1993 to 1997

Saha¹,

Rikitomi

Ruhulamin

et al. 1999

J Clin Microbiol

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“…In Switzerland, the penicillin resistance rate for the pneumococcus has reached a level comparable to the one in the United States (5), although locally higher rates have been reported there (6,9,12). In our multicenter study, 1% of the strains were inhibited by 2 mg of penicillin per liter and, thus, were resistant according to the NCCLS definition (25).…”

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confidence: 66%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Switzerland

1995

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In 1993 and 1994, 10 microbiological laboratories in Switzerland collected 351 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from invasive infections. Susceptibilities to the main representatives of the chemical classes were as follows: penicillin, 93%; chloramphenicol, 92%; erythromycin, 94%; sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 86%; tetracycline, 92%; vancomycin, 100%. Forty-three strains showed resistance to one agent, and 35 strains showed resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents simultaneously; i.e., 22% of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Four strains (1%) were fully resistant to penicillin, whereas 21 strains (6%) showed reduced susceptibility. Of these 25 strains not fully susceptible to penicillin, 10 were resistant to one, 3 were resistant to two, and 8 were resistant to three additional antimicrobial agents. Of the quinolones, sparfloxacin was the most active substance, with an MIC at which 90% of the strains are inhibited of 0.5 mg/liter. The most common serotypes were types 6 (13.6% of isolates), 7 (10.5%), 19 (10.5%), 14 (9.1%), and 1 (8.5%) as well as 3 and 23 (8.0% each). Reduced susceptibility to penicillin was found mainly among serotypes 6, 14, 19, and 23. The currently available 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine covers 320 (91%) of the pneumococci isolated. Regional differences within Switzerland with regard to serotypes and antimicrobial resistance were not observed.

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“…The recommended therapeutic regimens for treatment of infections due to penicillin-insensitive pneumococci vary according to the degree of penicillin resistance (13,14), and a number of authors have used susceptibility groups as a basis for treatment recommendations (15). Most of the studies on which recommendations are based used conventional methods to determine pneumococcal MICs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of E-test with agar dilution for determining susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin

Scheel

Lyon

Tsang

et al. 1997

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin for Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined by the E-test and the agar dilution method. Ninety Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were tested, of which 16 were resistant, 33 intermediate, and 41 susceptible by agar dilution. By the E-test, 80 (88.9%) strains agreed with these determinations within one log2 dilution step, and no strains disagreed by more than two dilution steps. Sixty-eight of the 70 strains with discrepant MICs read lower in the E-test, resulting in 15 strains being placed in different susceptibility categories when classified by this test. Exact MICs rather than classification groups should be used to determine appropriate antibiotic therapy, since small differences in MICs determined by different methods can lead to a significant degree of misclassification.

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Pneumococcal resistance in southwest Virginia

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance and Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Causing Childhood Infections in Bangladesh, 1993 to 1997

Antimicrobial Resistance and Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Causing Childhood Infections in Bangladesh, 1993 to 1997

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Switzerland

Comparison of E-test with agar dilution for determining susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin

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