Pneumomediastinum associated with severe pneumonia related to COVID-19: diagnosis and management

Pneumoretroperitoneum secondary to pneumomediastinum in a child with coronavirus disease 2019

“…In this case, positive pressure ventilation and a protruding abdomen positioned higher than the narrow thorax in the lateral decubitus position likely contributed to the movement of air from the mediastinum to the retroperitoneal space. Conservative treatment with a lung‐protective strategy to limit transpulmonary pressure was successful, as was the case with COVID‐19‐related pneumomediastinum 5 …”

A Pictorial Essay Describing the CT Imaging Features of COVID-19 Cases throughout the Pandemic with a Special Focus on Lung Manifestations and Extrapulmonary Vascular Abdominal Complications

“…The spontaneous forms of PTX and PMS occurred in 1–2% of all COVID-19 pneumonia patients [ 118 , 122 ]. In rare cases, spontaneous PMS was associated with PTX [ 123 ]. The prevalence of these conditions increased during the second wave of the pandemic with the increasing use of oxygen through non-invasive ventilation and steroid therapy [ 118 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ].…”

“…In rare cases, spontaneous PMS was associated with PTX [ 123 ]. The prevalence of these conditions increased during the second wave of the pandemic with the increasing use of oxygen through non-invasive ventilation and steroid therapy [ 118 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ]. The high airway pressures delivered by these modalities of respiration probably supported the spontaneous rupture of fragile small airways infected by the virus ( Figure 17 and Figure 18 ).…”