Pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations among children under 5 years of age in Suzhou, China, 2005–2011

Zhang, Xiyan; Zhang, Jun; Chen, Liling; Feng, Luzhao; Yu, Hongjie; Zhang, Tao

doi:10.1111/irv.12405

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, as influenza laboratory diagnosis is not usually performed in all suspected cases, using these data underestimate the influenza impact . Taking this into consideration, the overall effect of influenza epidemics has been measured through indirect ecologic methods using the Serfling approach and Poisson, negative binomial regression and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to estimate influenza‐associated mortality or hospitalizations rates . There are two main approaches in estimating influenza‐associated excesses: one based on statistical models that include influenza activity indicators as explanatory covariates; another does not consider covariates and by excluding from the estimating process all parts of the outcome time series where there is evidence of occurrence of some event that might influence the outcome .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations associated with influenza epidemics in Portugal from season 1998/1999 to 2014/2015

Rodrigues

Machado

Silva

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to estimate excess pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalizations during influenza epidemics and measure their correlation with influenza vaccine coverage in the 65 and more years old, according to the type/subtype of influenza virus.MethodsThe study period comprised week 40/1998‐40/2015. Age‐specific weekly P&I hospitalizations (ICD‐9: 480‐487) as main diagnosis were extracted from the National Hospital Discharge database. Age‐specific baseline hospitalization rates were estimated by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model without time periods with excess hospitalizations. Excess hospitalizations were calculated by subtracting expected hospitalization rates from the observed during influenza epidemic periods. Correlation between excess P&I hospitalizations and influenza vaccine coverage in the elderly was measured with Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsThe average excess P&I hospitalizations/season was 19.4/105 (range 0‐46.1/105), and higher excess was observed in young children with <2 years (79.8/105) and ≥65 years (68.3/105). In epidemics with A(H3) dominant, the highest excess hospitalizations were observed among 65 and over. Seasons which influenza B or A(H1)pdm09 dominance the highest excess was observed in children with <2 years. High negative correlation was estimated between excess hospitalizations associated with A(H3) circulation and vaccine coverage in the elderly (r = −.653; 95% CI: −0.950 to −0.137).ConclusionOver 80% of the influenza epidemics were associated with excess hospitalizations. However, excess P&I hospitalizations pattern differed from age group and circulating virus. This ecologic approach also identified a reduction in excess P&I associated with A(H3) circulation with increasing vaccine coverage in the elderly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations associated with influenza epidemics in Portugal from season 1998/1999 to 2014/2015

Rodrigues

Machado

Silva

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Pediatric pneumonia is a common disease in children's respiratory system with a high incidence. It is even one of the important causes of infant and child death in some areas [7][8][9] . With the changes in social progress and living habits, bad eating habits have become one of the important causes of diseases such as respiratory infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Calorie Diet on Intestinal Flora in LPS-Induced Pneumonia Rats

Bai

Liu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Intestinal flora plays an important role in inflammatory response to systemic or local organs of its host. High calorie diet has been shown to aggravate the condition of pneumonia and delay recovery, especially in children. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study placed SPF rats in a conventional environment, high calorie diet or LPS atomization was performed respectively or combined. Analysis of high-throughput sequencing of intestinal content combined with animal weight, organ index, serum inflammatory factors indicators and bioinformatics found that after pulmonary infection combined with a high-calorie diet, rats showed significant changes such as weight loss and increased lung weight index, and their lung and intestinal tissues showed more obvious inflammatory changes. And its gut flora structure suggests, the abundance of Leuconostocaceae in significantly reduced; abundance of Staphylococcus, Planococcaceae, Staphylococcus, Staphylococcaceae, Bacillales, Gemellales and Aerococcus significant increased. The study showed that high calorie diet and LPS atomization synergistically promoted pneumonia process in rat pups, which is related to changes in structure of intestinal flora. It is worth noting that pneumonia rats fed by convention diet also causing intestinal flora imbalance. Long-term high calorie diets have a negative regulatory effect on health. Studies have shown that 1 high calorie diet may aggravate the condition of pneumonia and delay recovery in respiratory infectious diseases. Changes in the rhythm of modern life caused changes in structure of intestinal flora 2 , such as dietary imbalances 3,4. It is suggested that changes in dietary composition may cause changes in internal ecosystem of intestine 5. The healing or aggravation of respiratory inflammation is also related to structure of intestinal flora. For example, the hypothesis theory of "pulmonary-gut axis" 6 indicates that local inflammatory reactive substances of respiratory system and products of intestinal flora metabolism exchanged and stimulated through lymphatic system and blood circulation system. However, it is still unclear whether intake of high calorie diet aggravates inflammatory response of respiratory tract influenced by intestinal flora. This study explored potential influence of high calorie diet on aggravating pneumonia rats in intestinal flora. Materials and Methods Animals and reagents. Animals: Clean grade SD rats, 40, male, 4 weeks old, weighing 110 g ± 10 g. Animal certificate No.: 11401500016361, provided by Sibeifu (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., license No.: SCXK (Jing) 2016-0002. It is kept in animal laboratory of Institution of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine with free access to food and water, natural light. All animal experiments in this study were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and approved by the Animal Ethics Review Committee of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with the approval number (Ani...

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“…[ 6] In China, there were several studies examining the incidence and economic burden of in uenza, but most of them were conducted at hospital or provincial level. [ [7][8][9][10][11] Given the lack of economic burden estimates of seasonal in uenza across China, the present study aims to examine in uenza-like illness (ILI) prevalence, in uenza-related healthcare seeking behaviors, the economic impact of ILI and its in uencing factors among children, chronic disease patients and the elderly during the 2018-19 in uenza season in ten Chinese provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of influenza-like illness among children, chronic disease patients and the elderly in China: a national cross-sectional survey

Lai

Rong

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Background: The disease burden of seasonal influenza is substantial in China, while there is still a lack of nation-wide economic burden estimates. This study aims to examine influenza-like illness (ILI) prevalence, healthcare seeking behaviors, economic impact of ILI and its influencing factors among children, chronic disease patients and the elderly during the 2018–19 influenza season.Methods: From August to October 2019, 6668 children’s caregivers, 1735 chronic disease patients, and 3849 elderly people were recruited from ten provinces in China to participate in an on-site survey. The economic burden of ILI consisted of direct (medical or non-medical) and indirect burden, and multivariate linear regression was adopted to predict the influencing factors of total economic burden.Results: There were 45.73% children, 16.77% chronic disease patients and 12.70% elderly people reporting ILI, and most participants chose “Outpatient service only”, “Over-the-counter (OTC) medication only” or “Outpatient + OTC” after ILI. The average total economic burden of ILI was 1848 yuan (USD266.1) for children, 1105 yuan (USD159.1) for chronic disease patients and 2064 yuan (USD297.2) for the elderly. Multivariate linear regression showed that boys, the only child in family, and urban adult residents tended to have larger economic burden after ILI.Conclusions: Large economic burden of ILI was highlighted, especially among the elderly with less income and larger medical burden, as well as children with higher prevalence and higher self-payment ratio. It is important to adopt targeted interventions for high-risk groups, and this study can help national-level decision-making on the introduction of influenza vaccination as public health project.

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Pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations among children under 5 years of age in Suzhou, China, 2005–2011

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Excess pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations associated with influenza epidemics in Portugal from season 1998/1999 to 2014/2015

Excess pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations associated with influenza epidemics in Portugal from season 1998/1999 to 2014/2015

Effect of High Calorie Diet on Intestinal Flora in LPS-Induced Pneumonia Rats

The economic burden of influenza-like illness among children, chronic disease patients and the elderly in China: a national cross-sectional survey

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