Pneumonia hospitalisation and case-fatality rates in older Australians with and without risk factors for pneumococcal disease: implications for vaccine policy

Dirmesropian, S.; Liu, B.; Wood, James G.; MacIntyre, C. Raina; McIntyre, Peter; Karki, Surendra; Jayasinghe, Sanjay; Newall, Anthony T.

doi:10.1017/s0950268818003473

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…First, this indicates that bacterial testing is often not performed in-hospital, as previously reported [ 14 ]. Second, it highlights the need for preventive strategies as noted in recent studies, which stress the use of pneumococcal vaccination in older individuals and in those with risk factors such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, male gender, and diabetes [ 15 , 16 ]. Third, the lack of an etiologic diagnosis may increase the risk of overuse, inappropriate, or inefficient antimicrobial therapy and, ultimately, the selection of resistant and multi-drug resistant bacteria [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia in Italian Adults from 2010 to 2019: Scientific Evidence for a Call to Action

Amodio

Vitale

d’Angela³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Background: Understanding trends in pneumonia-associated hospitalizations can help to quantify the burden of disease and identify risk conditions and at-risk populations. This study evaluated characteristics of hospitalizations due to pneumonia that occurred in Italy in a 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. Methods: All hospitalizations with a principal or secondary diagnosis of pneumonia over the 10-year period were included, which were identified by hospital discharges for all-cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia in the anonymized hospital discharge database of the Italian Health Ministry. Results: A total of 2,481,213 patients were hospitalized for pneumonia between 2010 and 2019; patients aged 75–86 years accounted for 30.1% of hospitalizations. Most hospitalizations (88.1%) had an unspecified pneumonia discharge code. In-hospital death was recorded in 13.0% of cases. The cumulative cost for pneumonia hospitalizations of the 10-year period were EUR 11,303,461,591. Over the observation period, the incidence rate for hospitalized all-cause pneumonia in any ages increased from 100 per 100,000 in 2010 to over 160 cases per 100,000 per year in 2019 (p < 0.001). Overall, there was a significant increase in annual percent changes in hospitalization rates (+3.47 per year), in-hospital death (+4.6% per year), and costs (+3.95% per year) over the 10-year period. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that hospitalizations for pneumonia are increasing over time in almost all age groups, especially in the elderly. Given the substantial burden of pneumonia in terms of mortality, healthcare resources, and economic costs, greater public health efforts should thus be made to promote vaccinations against influenza and pneumococcus, particularly in high-risk groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia in Italian Adults from 2010 to 2019: Scientific Evidence for a Call to Action

Amodio

Vitale

d’Angela³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…In another study conducted in Germany, the mean age was 76 for hospitalized patients [23]. Another study conducted in Australia found the rate of hospitalizations as 563 per 100,000 in the 65 to 74 age group [24]. In our study, the mean age of the patients who were discharged was 67.17, the mean age of the patients who were hospitalized in the service was 70.85 and the mean age of the patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit was 77.68.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the neutrophil/lymphocyte rate as effective as CURB-65 in the patient management of the community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine?

Barut

Yüksel

Kaya

et al. 2021

The European Research Journal

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in emergency departments, and to compare CURB-65 scoring system and Netrofil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLO) which are some of the commonly used blood parameters to make an inpatient or outpatient decision quickly and effectively. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively by examining the files of 442 patients who were admitted to the adult emergency department of Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital between September 1, 2017 and October 31, 2018. The demographic characteristics, physical examination findings, laboratory results, hospitalizations, and CURB-65 scores of the patients included in the study were recorded on a preprepared paper and electronic form and statistical analyzes of these data were conducted. Results: Two hundred and fifty-five (57.69%) patients were male and the mean age was 70.93 years. The mean NLO value was 9.85, the mean MPV value was 8.62, the mean eosinophil value was 0.15 and the mean CURB-65 score was 1.85. When the post hoc paired group comparison was conducted for the mean NLR, it was found that the other groups differed from each other except the groups admitted to the intensive care unit and the service. Glasgow Coma Scale score and CURB-65 score were found to be significant predictors for hospitalization to service and intensive care unit (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We think that NLR may be useful in decision-making process, especially in prospective studies, although the use of NLR in patients with CAP is not statistically significant. In this study, we also examined that CURB-65 is an effective scoring system in the management of this patient group.

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae is reportedly responsible for 30–38% of community-acquired pneumonia ( Johansson et al, 2010 ; Holter et al, 2015 ). Hospital-acquired pneumonia is among the most frequent nosocomial infections, and is associated with prolonged hospital stay and high costs ( Guidelines for the manage, 2005 ), and the case fatality rate increases in line with increasing age ( Dirmesropian et al, 2019 ). Streptococcus pneumoniae is spread by coughing, sneezing and respiratory secretions, and up to 50% of children may be asymptomatic carriers ( Hussain et al, 2005 ), although carriage rates decrease to around 10% in adulthood ( Goldblatt et al, 2005 ), and even lower in elderly individuals ( Ridda et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Routine Vaccination and Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines and Senior Travellers

Ecarnot¹,

Maggi²,

Michel³

et al. 2021

Front. Aging

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Background: International tourist travel has been increasingly steadily in recent years, and looks set to reach unprecedented levels in the coming decades. Among these travellers, an increasing proportion is aged over 60 years, and is healthy and wealthy enough to be able to travel. However, senior travellers have specific risks linked to their age, health and travel patterns, as compared to their younger counterparts.Methods: We review here the risk of major vaccine-preventable travel-associated infectious diseases, and forms and efficacy of vaccination for these diseases.Results: Routine vaccinations are recommended for older persons, regardless of whether they travel or not (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal vaccines). Older individuals should be advised about the vaccines that are recommended for their age group in the framework of the national vaccination schedule. Travel-specific vaccines must be discussed in detail on a case-by-case basis, and the risk associated with the vaccine should be carefully weighed against the risk of contracting the disease during travel. Travel-specific vaccines reviewed here include yellow fever, hepatitis, meningococcal meningitis, typhoid fever, cholera, poliomyelitis, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis and dengue.Conclusion: The number of older people who have the good health and financial resources to travel is rising dramatically. Older travellers should be advised appropriately about routine and travel-specific vaccines, taking into account the destination, duration and purpose of the trip, the activities planned, the type of accommodation, as well as patient-specific characteristics, such as health status and current medications.

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Pneumonia hospitalisation and case-fatality rates in older Australians with and without risk factors for pneumococcal disease: implications for vaccine policy

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia in Italian Adults from 2010 to 2019: Scientific Evidence for a Call to Action

Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia in Italian Adults from 2010 to 2019: Scientific Evidence for a Call to Action

Is the neutrophil/lymphocyte rate as effective as CURB-65 in the patient management of the community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine?

Vaccines and Senior Travellers

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