Pneumonia in Vietnamese Children Aged 1 to 15 years Due to Atypical Pneumonia Causative Bacteria: Hospital-Based Microbiological and Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract

Running title: Atypical pneumonia in Vietnamese children R e t r a c t e d 2 SummaryPneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M), Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae (C) and Legionella pneumophila (L) (these three bacteria are referred as the MCL, hereafter) is not well-documented in Vietnam, which may limit effectiveness of treatment. We investigated epidemiological & microbiological characteristics of MCLcaused pneumonia in hospitalized children aged 1-15 years.Multiplex PCR and specific IgM determination were used to detect the target bacteria. Of 722 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) children, the MCL were the most frequently found pathogens (215 children, 29.78%). M. pneumoniae was the most common at 88.4% (190/215), the typing based on p1 gene for cytoadhesin were both type I and type II, 51% and 28%, respectively. Age is an important factor: more than 77% (167/215) of MCL pneumonia was found in children less than 5 years of age and a high rate (66%; 64/97) of M-caused severe pneumonia cases was in children younger than 2 years. The distribution of MCLcaused pneumonia by age was a statistically significant (P < 0.01). In Vietnam, pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae in younger children must be interested and appropriately considered in diagnosis and antibiotic utilization. Monitoring of these atypical pneumonia causative bacteria in the system of respiratory infections surveillance is necessary to introduce.

High Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections from Lima, Peru

“…M . pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) occurs worldwide, and accounts for 10–40% of all cases of community-acquired pneumonia [ 6 , 10 , 17 , 18 ]. The prevalence of C .…”

“…pneumoniae from C . pneumoniae infections and hence laboratory tests are essential for the identification of these pathogens [ 6 , 10 ]. Serological detections, although commonly used, are complicated by false negative results in the early acute phase of infection, and the difficulty in obtaining convalescent serum during hospital stays of one week or less.…”

“…pneumoniae and C . pnemoniae infections and avoid the risk of false negative results in conventional culture methods [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Injection of immunoglobulin in the treatment process of children with severe pneumonia

“…Severe pneumonia is a common emergency and severe respiratory disease in the department of pediatric internal medicine and a main cause for death of hospitalized infants in China 1,2. Severe pneumonia in children which is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection can weaken the immune function of children; featured by acute onset and severe disease condition, it can lead to death if treatment is not performed timely 3.…”