Pneumotachometers

Abstract

This article presents an overview the various types of pneumotachometers, the device used for measuring respiratory flow. It also presents their underlying principles, their strengths and weaknesses, their calibration procedures, and the methodology used to evaluate their dynamic characteristics.

Pejoratives

“…In other words, the speaker who utters (46) need not presuppose (45P): But then consider the behaviour of the pejorative 'bastard' in a parallel case. Unlike in (46), the presupposition plug 'believes' in (48) fails to prevent the presuppositional content of the embedded clause (47P) from being contributed to the presuppositional content of the whole of (48). In other words, the speaker who utters (48) is presupposing (47P) because of the non-displaceability (i.e.…”

“…Unlike in (46), the presupposition plug 'believes' in (48) fails to prevent the presuppositional content of the embedded clause (47P) from being contributed to the presuppositional content of the whole of (48). In other words, the speaker who utters (48) is presupposing (47P) because of the non-displaceability (i.e. wide-scoping) of pejorative terms: Because of the difference in their resulting interactions with presupposition plugs, Potts concludes that expressive content cannot be identified with presuppositional content.…”

“…According to Schlenker (2007), 'expressives are lexical items that carry a presupposition of a particular sort, namely one which is indexical (it is evaluated with respect to a context), attitudinal (it predicates something of the mental state of the agent of that context), and sometimes shiftable (the context of evaluation need not be the context of the actual utterance)'. 47 To illustrate, Macià (2006) points out that 'what ''That bastard John came into the room'' presupposes is that we are willing to treat him in a contemptuous way'. 48 The presupposition view does successfully appeal to the intuition that the slurring racist is sometimes trying to get us to agree with her by letting the use of the slur pass, but, otherwise, the view is problematic.…”

“…47 To illustrate, Macià (2006) points out that 'what ''That bastard John came into the room'' presupposes is that we are willing to treat him in a contemptuous way'. 48 The presupposition view does successfully appeal to the intuition that the slurring racist is sometimes trying to get us to agree with her by letting the use of the slur pass, but, otherwise, the view is problematic. The first problem is that pejoratives do not seem to pattern with presuppositions.…”