Poaching of Asiatic black bear: evidence from Siran and Kaghan valleys, Pakistan

Ullah, Zaib; Ullah, Inayat; Ullah, Ikram; Mahmood, Sajid; Iqbal, Zafar

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01351

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The present study was conducted in District Abbottabad, positioned at an altitude of 1,225 meter, lies between 33° 50' and 34° 23' North latitude and 73° 35' and 73° 31' East longitude (Figure 1) with 1,967 km 2 area (Ali et al, 2017). Most of the area of District is comprised of mountainous topography and the average elevation of mountains ranges from 2500m to 2700m (IUCN Pakistan, 2004;Ullah et al, 2020). The aim of study was to determine the population density, distribution and habitat preference of D. vagabunda including Sherwan and Bakot (hilly areas), Havelian, Jhangra and Langra (plane areas) with the total area of 6942 hectares.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) is distributed in Burma, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam and Pakistan (BirdLife International, 2013). The specie is widely distributed in whole of Punjab, Sindh, in South-eastern corner of Baluchistan including low hills of Azad Kashmir, Kohat and Peshawar valley and common in Islamabad, Margalla hills and Punjab and further spread towards Hazara (KP) (Mirza and Wasiq, 2012;Hornman, 2007;Jadoon et al, 2019;Ullah et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population distribution and habitat analysis of Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) in Abbottabad, Pakistan

et al. 2023

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The Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) belongs to family corvidae, order Passeriformes which includes about 100 species. The current study was conducted to gather information about the Population distribution and habitat analysis of D. vagabunda at District Abbottabad, Pakistan. The data were collected on monthly basis both morning and evening times (2018-2019). “The ‘’Point count Method” was used for population estimation and ‘’Quadrates Method” for habitat analysis of study area. The result shows an average month-wise population density of D. vagabunda was maximum at Jhangra 0.14±0.039/ha, whereas minimum at Havelian 0.11±0.022/ha. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among monthly population densities of D. vagabunda, however, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between morning and evening times population of the specie. The present study revealed that importance value index (IVI) of plants species at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 59.6±12.6, 50.1±6.9, 53.4±6.3, 66.8±10 and 60.1±7.7. Likewise, the frequency of shrubs at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 33.3±4.2, 45±9.4, 46.7±8.2, 55.6±22.2 and 37.5±8.5. Similarly, the frequency of herbs at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 40.4±6.0, 37.5±5.6, 53.3±7.4, 48.5±5.2 and 46.9±7.4 respectively. Our results show the study area as suitable habitat for D. vagabunda.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population distribution and habitat analysis of Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) in Abbottabad, Pakistan

et al. 2023

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“…The present study was carried out in Kaghan Valley (22,000 ha) located north of District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (Figure 1). The study area is surrounded by Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Battagram, Kohistan, and Northern areas of Gilgit-Baltistan [11].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The valley is subdivided into five major sites based on forest zones, including Manshi reserve forest (Manshi wildlife sanctuary: 2368 ha), Malkandi reserve forest (1923 ha), Kamal Bann reserve forest (2212 ha), Nuri Bichla reserve forest (1787 ha), Nagan reserve forest (1637 ha), and some Guzara forests (Bagheer: 2896 ha, Bhonja: 2208 ha, Ganila: 114 ha, and Hungrai: 415 ha) [11]. Coordinates of the study area range from (34 • 30.979 N, 073 • 38.740 E) to (34 • 43.24 N, 073 • 30.822 E); it is the moist temperate coniferous forest located on both sides of river Kunhar [11]. Elevation of the study area varies from 1200 m to 3500 m above sea level.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incisor teeth play a vital role in phloem removal and leave clear tooth marks on the tree xylem [6][7][8]. These damages are very severe to the forest as bears always target the most energetic and healthy trees within the forest [6,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. When the growth of the plant peaks during the May month, the phloem contains more sugars and bears continuously feed upon the sapwood of the coniferous trees [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damages to Himalayan White Pine (Pinus wallichiana) by Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan

Ullah

Mahmood

Iqbal

et al. 2021

Forests

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Tree damage is one of the destructive behaviors of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus G. (Baron) Cuvier, 1823), and this type of damage causes great economic loss to the forest. A survey about Himalayan white pine (Pinus wallichiana (A. B) Jacks, 1836) damages was conducted at Kaghan Valley, District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Field surveys were carried out within five major sites of Kaghan Valley, including Manshi reserve forest, Kamal Bann reserve forest, Malkandi reserve forest, Noori Bichla reserve forest, and some Guzara forests. Line transects and diameter at breast height (DBH) methods were selected for data collection. Eighteen transects were placed in different sites of the valley. A total of (n = 201) affected trees were observed from eighteen transects, along with a total population of 1081 trees with the encounter rate (ER: 0.657) and the mean DBH is x¯ = 71.97 cm. Among total damages, the most severe (n = 39: 19.4%) were fully damaged with a greater encounter rate. Bark stripping was made during the late winter season and used as foodstuff when natural food is limited in the area. In severe cases, the bear-stripped bark encircles from the entire tree trunk, which results in the drying of trees and, finally, falls. Among all five sites, Manshi reserve forest was greatly affected, where the highest number (n = 76) of tree damage, and (n = 21) the entire diameter of trunks were damaged. People of the study area claimed that the black bear causes great forest damage, as well as crop destruction that leads to high economic loss.

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Ecological response of an umbrella species to changing climate and land use: Habitat conservation for Asiatic black bear in the Sichuan‐Chongqing Region, Southwestern China

Dai

Huang

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Climate and land use changes are increasingly recognized as major threats to global biodiversity, with significant impacts on wildlife populations and ecosystems worldwide. The study of how climate and land use changes impact wildlife is of paramount importance for advancing our understanding of ecological processes in the face of global environmental change, informing conservation planning and management, and identifying the mechanisms and thresholds that underlie species' responses to shifting climatic conditions. The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is a prominent umbrella species in a biodiversity hotspot in Southwestern China, and its conservation is vital for safeguarding sympatric species. However, the extent to which this species' habitat may respond to global climate and land use changes is poorly understood, underscoring the need for further investigation. Our goal was to anticipate the potential impacts of upcoming climate and land use changes on the distribution and dispersal patterns of the Asiatic black bear in the Sichuan-Chongqing Region. We used MaxEnt modeling to evaluate habitat vulnerability using three General Circulation Models (GCMs) and three scenarios of climate and land use changes. Subsequently, we used Circuit Theory to identify prospective dispersal paths. Our results revealed that the current area of suitable habitat for the Asiatic black bear was 225,609.59 km 2 (comprising 39.69% of the total study area), but was expected to decrease by −53.1%, −49.48%, and −28.55% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 projection scenarios, respectively. Across all three GCMs, the distribution areas and dispersal paths of the Asiatic black bear were projected to shift to higher altitudes and constrict by the 2070s. Furthermore, the results indicated that the density of dispersal paths would decrease, while the resistance to dispersal would increase across the study area. In order to protect the Asiatic black bear, it is essential to prioritize the protection of climate refugia and dispersal paths.Our findings provide a sound scientific foundation for the allocation of such protected areas in the Sichuan-Chongqing Region that are both effective and adaptive in the face of ongoing global climate and land use changes.

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Poaching of Asiatic black bear: evidence from Siran and Kaghan valleys, Pakistan

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Population distribution and habitat analysis of Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Population distribution and habitat analysis of Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Damages to Himalayan White Pine (Pinus wallichiana) by Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan

Ecological response of an umbrella species to changing climate and land use: Habitat conservation for Asiatic black bear in the Sichuan‐Chongqing Region, Southwestern China

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