Pockels cell voltage probe for noninvasive electron-beam measurements

Abstract

Accurate measurements of beam position and current are critical for the operation of the high-energy electron accelerators used for radiographic applications. Traditional short-pulse (e.g., 70 ns) machines utilize B-dot loops to monitor these parameters with great success. For long-pulse (e.g., 2 micros) accelerators, beam position and current measurements become more challenging and may require new technology. A novel electro-optic voltage probe has been developed for this application and provides the advantages of complete galvanic isolation, excellent low-frequency performance, and no time integration requirement. The design of a prototype sensor is presented along with preliminary accelerator test data.

High quality optical Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layers deposited by ion beam sputtering (IBS)

“…Because of their unique optoelectrical properties, ITO films have many applications, such as in solar cells, gas sensor, flat panel displays and in opto-electric devices such as Pockels cells [3]. Conventional ITO films can be prepared by various methods including reactive magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, ion beam assist deposition, and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [4].…”

Electro-optical measurement of intense electric field on a high energy pulsed power accelerator

“…There is a paucity of papers on high field narrow pulse width electric field measurements using bulk EOS crystals 6 , 7 . Several experiments have been performed where bulk EOS crystals have been used for electron beam position monitoring in accelerators, but not explicit measurement of electric field components 8 – 11 . In Consoli 12 and Robinson et al 13 , the authors describe electro-optical measurements of electromagnetic pulses generated by laser-plasma interaction in the nanosecond regime where they measured a maximum external electric field 12 of 261 kV/m.…”

Estimating of pulsed electric fields using optical measurements.

“…Using a wide variety of electro-optic crystals, electric fields have been optically measured in frequency regimes ranging from dc [1,2] to the microwave spectrum in both a CW [3] and a pulsed [4] configuration. Application environments studied include electron beams [5], radiation detectors [6], electrical discharges [7] and electrical power [8,9].…”